Ngoufack Jagni Semengue Ezechiel, Takou Desire, Potesta Marina, Ndjeyep Djupsa Sandrine Claire, Montesano Carla, Chenwi Collins Ambes, Beloumou Grace, Nka Alex Durand, Kengni Ngueko Aurelie Minelle, Molimbou Evariste, Etame Naomi-Karell, Gouissi Anguechia Davy-Hyacinthe, Mundo Nayang Audrey Rachel, Tueguem Pamela Patricia, Ndomgue Therese, Tambe Ayuk Ngwese Derrick, Moko Fotso Larissa Gaëlle, Tommo Tchouaket Carlos Michel, Ka'e Aude Christelle, Fainguem Nadine, Abega Abega Cyrille Alain, Mandeng Nadia, Epee Emilienne, Esso Linda, Etoundi Mballa Georges, Santoro Maria Mercedes, Z-K Bissek Anne-Cecile, Otokoye Otshudiema John, Alteri Claudia, Boum Ii Yap, Marcelin Anne-Geneviève, Ceccherini-Silberstein Francesca, Ndjolo Alexis, Perno Carlo-Federico, Kaseya Jean, Colizzi Vittorio, Ndembi Nicaise, Fokam Joseph
Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
PLOS Glob Public Health. 2025 Mar 19;5(3):e0004312. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0004312. eCollection 2025.
With the advent of COVID-19, anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were a global health priority, but evidence on their significance within tropical settings remained limited. We sought to assess the distribution of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies according to vaccine status and types of vaccines administered in Cameroon during Omicron waves. A community based cross-sectional sero-survey was conducted from February-15 through July-31 2022 among individuals tested for COVID-19 in Yaoundé-Cameroon. Sociodemographic data were collected from participants. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (both IgG and IgM) were tested on plasma and statistical analyses were performed wherever appropriate. Logistic regression was done with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Overall, 2449 participants were enrolled: median-age was 40 [31-49], 56.4% (1382/2449) men, 2.2% (54/2449) with flu-like symptoms and 19.6% (481/2449) reporting previous SARS-CoV-2 positivity. Regarding COVID-19 vaccination, 67.5% (1652/2449) had received at least one dose, 55.0% (909/1652) two-dose series and 37.1% (613/1652) received additional booster doses. Median duration from vaccination to phlebotomy was 5 [4-9] months. Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 81.1% (1987/2449). Following logistic regression, vaccine status (aOR=1.95), booster doses (aOR=1.36), post-vaccination time (≤5 months; aOR=1.64), Pfizer (aOR=2.07) and Moderna (aOR=1.52) vaccines, were all associated with a high prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (all p<0.05). This high seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies suggests a certain degree of immunity/protection at community-level in Cameroon during Omicron waves, with Pfizer and Moderna inducing greater immunogenicity. However, rapid antibody waning (~5 months) calls for vaccine updates with novel variants (arising from a rapidly evolving virus) that could compromise already acquired immunity.
随着新冠疫情的出现，抗严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）疫苗成为全球卫生重点，但关于其在热带地区重要性的证据仍然有限。我们试图评估在喀麦隆奥密克戎毒株流行期间，根据疫苗接种状况和接种疫苗类型，抗SARS-CoV-2抗体的分布情况。2022年2月15日至7月31日，在喀麦隆雅温得接受新冠病毒检测的人群中开展了一项基于社区的横断面血清学调查。从参与者那里收集了社会人口统计学数据。对血浆进行了抗SARS-CoV-2抗体（IgG和IgM）检测，并在适当情况下进行了统计分析。进行逻辑回归分析，p<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。总体而言，共纳入2449名参与者：年龄中位数为40岁[31-49岁]，男性占56.4%（1382/2449），有流感样症状的占2.2%（54/2449），报告既往SARS-CoV-2检测呈阳性的占19.6%（481/2449）。关于新冠疫苗接种，67.5%（1652/2449）的人至少接种了一剂，55.0%（909/1652）完成了两剂接种系列，37.1%（613/1652）接种了加强针。从接种疫苗到采血的中位时间为5个月[4-9个月]。抗SARS-CoV-2抗体的血清阳性率为81.1%（1987/2449）。经过逻辑回归分析，疫苗接种状况（调整优势比[aOR]=1.95）、加强针接种（aOR=1.36）、接种后时间（≤5个月；aOR=1.64）、辉瑞疫苗（aOR=2.07）和莫德纳疫苗（aOR=1.52）均与抗SARS-CoV-2抗体的高阳性率相关（所有p<0.05）。这种抗SARS-CoV-2抗体的高血清阳性率表明，在喀麦隆奥密克戎毒株流行期间，社区层面存在一定程度的免疫力/保护，辉瑞和莫德纳疫苗诱导的免疫原性更强。然而，抗体迅速下降（约5个月）要求针对可能损害已获得免疫力的新变种（由快速进化的病毒产生）更新疫苗。
