Pan Yuchen, Xiao Yongtao
School of Chinese Language and Culture, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ. 2025 Mar 20;30(2):169-181. doi: 10.1093/jdsade/enae037.
The study aimed to explore spoken language and executive function (EF) characteristics in 3-5-year-old prelingually deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children, and evaluate the impact of demographic variables and EF on spoken language skills. 48 DHH children and 48 typically developing children who use auditory-oral communication were recruited. All participants underwent EF tests, including auditory working memory (WM), inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and the EF performance reported by parents. Using Mandarin Clinical Evaluation of Language for Preschoolers (MCELP), vocabulary comprehension, sentence comprehension, vocabulary naming, sentence structure imitation, and story narration were evaluated only in the DHH group, and their results were compared with the typical developmental level provided by MCELP. Results showed that DHH children exhibit deficiencies in different spoken language domains and EF components. While the spoken language skills of DHH children tend to improve as they age, a growing proportion of individuals fail to reach the typical developmental level. The spoken language ability in DHH children was positively correlated with age and EFs, and negatively correlated with aided hearing threshold, while auditory WM could positively predict their spoken language performance.
该研究旨在探究3至5岁语前聋和重听（DHH）儿童的口语及执行功能（EF）特征，并评估人口统计学变量和执行功能对口语技能的影响。研究招募了48名DHH儿童和48名使用听觉口语交流的发育正常儿童。所有参与者都接受了执行功能测试，包括听觉工作记忆（WM）、抑制控制、认知灵活性以及家长报告的执行功能表现。仅对DHH组使用普通话学前儿童语言临床评估（MCELP）评估词汇理解、句子理解、词汇命名、句子结构模仿和故事叙述，并将其结果与MCELP提供的典型发育水平进行比较。结果显示，DHH儿童在不同的口语领域和执行功能成分方面存在缺陷。虽然DHH儿童的口语技能往往会随着年龄增长而提高，但未能达到典型发育水平的个体比例却在增加。DHH儿童的口语能力与年龄和执行功能呈正相关，与助听阈值呈负相关，而听觉工作记忆能够正向预测他们的口语表现。
