Bouck Tori, Monteleone Justin, Duffy Jennifer, Ainslie Philip N, Little Jonathan P, Thomas Kate N, Gibbons Travis D, Islam Hashim
School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada.
Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada.
Physiol Rep. 2025 Mar;13(6):e70294. doi: 10.14814/phy2.70294.
Immunometabolic processes maintain physiological homeostasis and are implicated in various chronic diseases. Fasting and exercise independently alter metabolic and immunological processes; their combination could provide insights into immunometabolic interactions. Using a randomized crossover design, 15 healthy adults (six females, nine males, 26.5 ± 4.3 years) fasted for 60 h with and without the addition of a 3 h cycling bout (65%-80% VO peak). Fasting alone (FAST) and with exercise (FEX) reduced plasma glucose, insulin, respiratory exchange ratio, and increased β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB; all p < 0.01). FEX elicited more rapid changes in glucose and BHB and higher BHB concentrations at 60 h (all p < 0.01). Both conditions decreased circulating TNF-⍺ concentrations and increased IL-10 (p < 0.01), although the increase in IL-10 appeared to be driven by the FEX condition (p = 0.03). IL-6 concentrations tended to increase in both conditions (p = 0.1). Total white blood cell count remained unchanged after 60 h in both conditions, with only modest changes in some leukocyte subpopulations. Collectively, the observed changes in circulating cytokine concentrations support an overall anti-inflammatory effect of prolonged fasting, while the maintenance of leukocyte concentrations suggests immune function is not compromised. Despite greater metabolic strain, the addition of prolonged exercise did not appear to augment changes in systemic cytokines and leukocytes.
免疫代谢过程维持生理稳态，并与多种慢性疾病相关。禁食和运动分别改变代谢和免疫过程；二者结合可能有助于深入了解免疫代谢相互作用。采用随机交叉设计，15名健康成年人（6名女性，9名男性，26.5±4.3岁）在禁食60小时的情况下，分别进行和不进行3小时的骑行运动（65%-80%VO峰值）。单独禁食（FAST）和禁食加运动（FEX）均降低了血浆葡萄糖、胰岛素、呼吸交换率，并增加了β-羟基丁酸（BHB；所有p<0.01）。FEX在60小时时引起葡萄糖和BHB更快的变化以及更高的BHB浓度（所有p<0.01）。两种情况均降低了循环肿瘤坏死因子-α浓度并增加了白细胞介素-10（p<0.01），尽管白细胞介素-10的增加似乎由FEX情况驱动（p=0.03）。白细胞介素-6浓度在两种情况下均有升高趋势（p=0.1）。60小时后，两种情况下白细胞总数均保持不变，仅部分白细胞亚群有轻微变化。总体而言，循环细胞因子浓度的观察变化支持长期禁食具有整体抗炎作用，而白细胞浓度的维持表明免疫功能未受损害。尽管代谢压力更大，但长时间运动的加入似乎并未增强全身细胞因子和白细胞的变化。
