Stroke encompasses a range of cerebrovascular disorders characterized by high morbidity, disability, and mortality, with ischemic stroke being the predominant type. This condition imposes significant socio-economic and healthcare burdens, and therapeutic options are currently limited. Microglia, the brain's resident immune cells, are rapidly activated following stroke-induced injury and play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation and ischemic tissues. Mitochondria participates in and influences the pathological processes of ischemic stroke, including oxidative stress, modulation of microglia phenotype, and axonal regenerative function, and is an essential and often overlooked target in the clinical management of stroke. This paper reviews recent advancements in research on microglia in ischemic stroke, specifically focusing on the contribution of the mitochondria, providing a reference for selecting therapeutic targets and guiding future research directions.