da Silva Fonseca José Daniel, Matej-Łukowicz Karolina, Kluska Jacek, Baluk Mateusz Adam, Kulesza Joanna, Barros Bráulio Silva, Wojciechowska Ewa
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência de Materiais, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza-CCEN, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Morais Rego, 1235-Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil.
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland.
Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 1;15(1):11143. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-89335-z.
Ammonium is a pollutant commonly detected in various water sources and, in high concentrations, poses significant risks to environmental quality and public health. Numerous techniques have been developed and are currently employed to eliminate pollutants, including ammonium ions, from water. Among these various methods, adsorption has proven to be the most cost-effective and eco-friendly, particularly when utilizing an inexpensive and effective adsorbent. This study aims to determine the optimal method for producing biochar from oat husks, focusing on maximizing ammonium adsorption capacity among three selected preparation techniques. The chosen methods are based on a common combustion process and the use of chemical activators, such as ferrocene and sodium hydroxide. Biochar produced with sodium hydroxide exhibited the highest concentration of oxidized groups, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The adsorption kinetics of ammonium via the sodium hydroxide-modified biochar followed the Avrami model. The adsorption isotherms were best described by the Freundlich (R > 0.9) and Langmuir (R > 0.8) models. The desorption behavior followed a first-order model. According to the Langmuir isotherm, the maximum adsorption capacity of the NaOH-modified biochar was 59.61 mg/g. The method utilizing sodium hydroxide was the most effective at preparing biochar with the highest adsorption capacity, indicating its potential applicability in the remediation of ammonium-contaminated water. This research also establishes a foundation for further investigation into methods for producing biochar with enhanced adsorption capabilities from the same agricultural waste source.
铵是一种常见于各种水源中的污染物，高浓度时会对环境质量和公众健康构成重大风险。目前已开发出多种技术用于去除水中的污染物，包括铵离子。在这些不同方法中，吸附已被证明是最具成本效益和生态友好的方法，特别是在使用廉价且有效的吸附剂时。本研究旨在确定从燕麦壳制备生物炭的最佳方法，重点是在三种选定的制备技术中最大化铵吸附能力。所选方法基于常见的燃烧过程和使用化学活化剂，如二茂铁和氢氧化钠。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）证实，用氢氧化钠制备的生物炭具有最高浓度的氧化基团。通过氢氧化钠改性生物炭对铵的吸附动力学遵循阿弗拉米模型。吸附等温线最好用弗伦德利希（R＞0.9）和朗缪尔（R＞0.8）模型描述。解吸行为遵循一级模型。根据朗缪尔等温线，氢氧化钠改性生物炭的最大吸附容量为59.61mg/g。使用氢氧化钠的方法在制备具有最高吸附容量的生物炭方面最有效，表明其在修复铵污染水体中的潜在适用性。本研究还为进一步研究从同一农业废弃物源生产具有增强吸附能力的生物炭的方法奠定了基础。
