Escamilla-Galindo Victor-Luis, Luis Felipe José, Alonso-Callejo Antonio, Van-der-Horst Ralph, de la Torre-Combarros Ana, Minafra Paolo, Fernández-Muñoz Daniel, Fernández-Cuevas Ismael
Department of research and development, ThermoHuman, Madrid, Spain.
INEF, Polytechnic University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Biol Sport. 2025 Apr;42(2):161-167. doi: 10.5114/biolsport.2025.144295. Epub 2024 Oct 23.
Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is associated with degenerative changes during the return-to-play (RTP) process. Infrared thermography, due to its usefulness in monitoring the state of tissues, could help establish physiological criteria for monitoring the knee joint. The aim of the study was to describe normative skin temperature (Tsk) asymmetry of the knee region of interest (knee ROI) from football players during the ACL RTP process. Thirty professional and semi-professional football players, both male and female, from three different European leagues (age: 26.84 ± 3.46 years; height: 1.83 ± 0.22 m; weight: 75.38 ± 5.92 kg) were evaluated using thermography during their RTP process. A linear mixed model was then developed in which Tsk asymmetry was the dependent variable. Sex and Day were included as predictor variables with fixed effects. Athlete was included as a random effect with (Model 1 and Model 2) and without (Model 3) interaction with Day. Model 2 was fitted with a random intercept and random independent slopes, and Model 3 was fitted with a random intercept and random dependent slopes. The results showed the estimates of the model in which both predictor variables were significant. The asymmetry decreased during the days after surgery (-0.01 per day after surgery). The results might help to establish an objective criterion based on infrared thermography for monitoring the rehabilitation stages in the RTP of football players during one year of evolution. The assessment of the thermal asymmetries of the knee ROI during the RTP established a Tsk progression criterion. Medical and technical staff could implement an infrared thermography tool for knee monitoring between RTP stages.
前交叉韧带(ACL)重建与重返运动(RTP)过程中的退行性变化有关。红外热成像因其在监测组织状态方面的作用,有助于建立监测膝关节的生理标准。本研究的目的是描述足球运动员在ACL RTP过程中感兴趣的膝关节区域(膝关节ROI)的正常皮肤温度(Tsk)不对称性。对来自三个不同欧洲联赛的30名职业和半职业足球运动员(男、女)进行了评估(年龄:26.84±3.46岁;身高:1.83±0.22米;体重:75.38±5.92千克),在他们的RTP过程中使用热成像技术。然后建立了一个线性混合模型,其中Tsk不对称性是因变量。性别和日期作为具有固定效应的预测变量纳入。运动员作为随机效应纳入(模型1和模型2),且与日期无交互作用(模型3)。模型2拟合了随机截距和随机独立斜率,模型3拟合了随机截距和随机因变量斜率。结果显示两个预测变量均显著的模型估计值。术后几天内不对称性降低(术后每天降低0.01)。这些结果可能有助于基于红外热成像建立一个客观标准,以监测足球运动员在一年康复过程中RTP阶段的情况。在RTP过程中对膝关节ROI的热不对称性评估建立了一个Tsk进展标准。医疗和技术人员可以在RTP阶段之间使用红外热成像工具进行膝关节监测。
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