Tsujioka Yuko, Yamada Yoshitake, Hasegawa Tomonobu, Hashimoto Masahiro, Jinzaki Masahiro
Department of Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Clin Pediatr Endocrinol. 2025 Apr;34(2):89-104. doi: 10.1297/cpe.2024-0082. Epub 2025 Jan 30.
We review the imaging findings in pediatric thyroid diseases that necessitate prompt diagnosis and timely medical intervention. Congenital hypothyroidism particularly represents a critical pediatric emergency. Ultrasonography stands as the primary modality for accurately assessing thyroid morphology and identifying thyroid dysgenesis. I-scintigraphy mirrors iodine metabolism and thyroid hormone synthesis, and the concurrent application of perchlorate (perchloride discharge test) elucidates the pathogenesis of thyroid dyshormonogenesis. Nonetheless, radioiodine scintigraphy has seen limited utilization due to the intricacies of pre-test preparation. Tc-pertechnetate scintigraphy demonstrates high sensitivity in delineating thyroid tissues with minimal radiation exposure, facilitating the diagnosis of thyroid dysgenesis. Additionally, we have included brief insights on the imaging characteristics of central hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, and thyroid masses.
我们回顾了小儿甲状腺疾病的影像学表现，这些疾病需要及时诊断和进行医疗干预。先天性甲状腺功能减退症尤其属于危急的儿科急症。超声检查是准确评估甲状腺形态和识别甲状腺发育不全的主要方式。碘闪烁扫描反映碘代谢和甲状腺激素合成，同时应用高氯酸盐（高氯酸盐释放试验）可阐明甲状腺激素合成障碍的发病机制。然而，由于检查前准备工作复杂，放射性碘闪烁扫描的应用有限。锝-高锝酸盐闪烁扫描在描绘甲状腺组织方面具有高灵敏度，且辐射暴露最小，有助于甲状腺发育不全的诊断。此外，我们还简要介绍了中枢性甲状腺功能减退症、甲状腺炎和甲状腺肿块的影像学特征。
