Chopra Avani A, Jacome Freddy P, Weintraub Matthew, Isley Makenna, Akwuole Frances, Cho Sia, Lee Justin J, MacLeod James S, Lema Owen, Mejia Alfonso
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
J Surg Educ. 2025 Jun;82(6):103509. doi: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103509. Epub 2025 Apr 8.
OBJECTIVE: The gender disparity in orthopedic surgery is multifactorial, driven by the lack of female mentorship, limited female leadership in academic roles, and challenges in pursuing academic positions. Research productivity and authorship are areas where these disparities manifest, with women being significantly underrepresented. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate whether gender disparities in orthopedic research productivity are apparent as early as medical school. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A comprehensive analysis was conducted on orthopedic surgery residents from 208 ACGME-accredited programs across the United States. Data were collected between February and April 2024 from publicly accessible resources, covering 4320 residents (927 females, 3393 males). Pre-residency and residency publication data were gathered using Elsevier Scopus Application Programming Interface (APIs). The study compared total publications and first author publications between male and female residents, categorizing them as preresidency or residency publications. p-values were calculated using unpaired t-tests to evaluate gender differences. RESULTS: Among the 2723 residents with preresidency publications, there was no statistically significant difference between male and female residents in the mean number of publications (p = 0.1267) or first authorship publications (p = 0.9389). During residency, however, male residents had a significantly higher mean number of publications than female residents (p = 0.0002), although no significant difference was observed in first authorships (p = 0.2538). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that while gender disparities in research productivity are not apparent preresidency, they emerge during residency, with male residents producing more publications. This difference is likely influenced by the lack of mentorship and female representation within the field of orthopedic surgery. Addressing these disparities requires targeted efforts to increase female mentorship and support within orthopedic residency programs.
目的：骨科手术中的性别差异是多因素造成的，原因包括缺乏女性导师、女性在学术职位上的领导作用有限以及在追求学术职位方面面临挑战。研究生产力和作者身份是这些差异显现的领域，女性的代表性明显不足。本研究的主要目的是评估骨科研究生产力方面的性别差异是否早在医学院阶段就已显现。 设计、背景和参与者：对来自美国208个经美国研究生医学教育认证委员会（ACGME）认证项目的骨科手术住院医师进行了全面分析。2024年2月至4月期间，从公开可用资源中收集数据，涵盖4320名住院医师（927名女性，3393名男性）。使用爱思唯尔Scopus应用程序编程接口（API）收集住院前和住院期间的发表数据。该研究比较了男性和女性住院医师的总发表量和第一作者发表量，并将其分类为住院前或住院期间的发表。使用非配对t检验计算p值以评估性别差异。 结果：在有住院前发表的2723名住院医师中，男性和女性住院医师在平均发表数量（p = 0.1267）或第一作者发表量（p = 0.9389）方面没有统计学上的显著差异。然而，在住院期间，男性住院医师的平均发表数量显著高于女性住院医师（p = 0.0002），尽管在第一作者身份方面未观察到显著差异（p = 0.2538）。 结论：我们的结果表明，虽然研究生产力方面的性别差异在住院前并不明显，但在住院期间会出现，男性住院医师发表的文章更多。这种差异可能受到骨科手术领域缺乏导师指导和女性代表性不足的影响。解决这些差异需要有针对性地努力，增加骨科住院医师培训项目中的女性导师指导和支持。
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