Aghaei Maryam, Aghaei Shahrzad, Shahmoradi Zabihollah, Hejazi Seyed Hossein
Skin Diseases and leishmaniasis Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord, University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
Iran J Parasitol. 2025 Jan-Mar;20(1):1-12. doi: 10.18502/ijpa.v20i1.18100.
Apoptosis, a determined form of programmed cell death (PCD), occurs in multi-cellular and single-celled organisms. Given that a general understanding of apoptosis in single-cell is crucial for designing disease control policies, we reviewed the apoptosis mechanism and the proteins involved.
The information was obtained from articles published in PubMed, SciELO, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases (1998-2021). Search terms used were" apoptosis" or" Leishmaniasis".
The 77 subjects were included in the study that revealed the significance of the apoptosis process for survival. Although, various stimuli induce apoptosis, the proteins involved in apoptosis have been poorly understood. Metacaspases in instead of caspase and death receptors in mammals play the same role in the PCD pathways. Also, other apoptotic proteins in such as endonuclease G (EndoG), caspases- like cysteine proteases, TSN (Tudor Staphylococcal Nuclease), and Zinnia endonuclease 1 (ZEN1) lead to phenotype similar to mammalian apoptosis. Furthermore, there are differences in these mechanisms between the different species of and studies to illustrate downstream events related to the serine phosphatidylcholine exposure, cytochrome C secretion, etc. remain an ongoing challenge.
Determining the essential regulatory proteins in the apoptosis and the specific present of metacaspases in parasite, is effective for designing new therapeutic strategies against leishmaniasis and vaccine development.
细胞凋亡是一种特定形式的程序性细胞死亡（PCD），发生在多细胞和单细胞生物中。鉴于对单细胞中细胞凋亡的全面理解对于制定疾病控制策略至关重要，我们回顾了细胞凋亡机制及相关蛋白质。
信息来源于发表在PubMed、SciELO、Science Direct、Scopus、谷歌学术和科学网数据库（1998 - 2021年）中的文章。使用的检索词为“细胞凋亡”或“利什曼病”。
77项研究纳入本研究，揭示了细胞凋亡过程对生存的重要性。尽管多种刺激可诱导细胞凋亡，但参与细胞凋亡的蛋白质仍未被充分了解。在程序性细胞死亡途径中，原虫中的类半胱天冬酶而非哺乳动物中的半胱天冬酶以及死亡受体发挥相同作用。此外，原虫中的其他凋亡蛋白，如核酸内切酶G（EndoG）、类半胱天冬酶样半胱氨酸蛋白酶、TSN（都铎葡萄球菌核酸酶）和百日菊核酸酶1（ZEN1），导致与哺乳动物细胞凋亡相似的表型。此外，不同原虫物种之间这些机制存在差异，阐明与丝氨酸磷脂酰胆碱暴露、细胞色素C分泌等相关的下游事件仍是一项持续的挑战。
确定原虫细胞凋亡中的关键调节蛋白以及寄生虫中类半胱天冬酶的具体存在情况，对于设计抗利什曼病的新治疗策略和疫苗开发有效。
