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由ERF28和NOR调控的ERF100控制果胶裂解酶7,调节无花果(Ficus carica L.)果实软化。

ERF100 regulated by ERF28 and NOR controls pectate lyase 7, modulating fig (Ficus carica L.) fruit softening.

作者信息

Fan Zhiyi, Wang Yuan, Zhai Yanlei, Gu Xiaojiao, Sun Kairong, Zhao Dan, Wang Jinying, Sun Pinqi, Huang Hantang, He Jiajun, Wang Yining, Flaishman Moshe A, Ma Huiqin

机构信息

College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.

Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel.

出版信息

Plant Biotechnol J. 2025 Jul;23(7):2611-2626. doi: 10.1111/pbi.70085. Epub 2025 Apr 10.

Abstract

The mechanism regulating fruit textural changes has not been fully elucidated. Transcription factor FcERF100 showed rapid transcription repression during drastic texture loss in fig (Ficus carica L.) fruit ripening. Transient overexpression of FcERF100 delayed fig fruit softening and significantly decreased the transcript abundance of a key cell wall-modifying pectate lyase gene, FcPL7. Yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that FcERF100 represses FcPL7 transcription by direct promoter binding via GCC-box and DRE/CRT elements. Stable transgenic fig lines further verified FcERF100's inhibitory effect on FcPL7 expression. We detected FcERF28 as an upstream element of FcERF100 by Y1H and EMSA, revealing its binding to, and activation of FcERF100 by dual-luciferase assay. Taken together, the FcERF28-FcERF100 transcriptional cascade serves as a synergistic flow-limiting valve for FcPL7 abundance. We then identified a NAC transcription factor, FcNOR, using FcERF100 as the bait by yeast two-hybrid screening. FcNOR silencing retarded fig fruit softening, with decreased FcPL7 transcript and pectate lyase activity. FcNOR interacted with FcERF100 to form a protein complex, attenuating FcERF100's transcriptional repression of FcPL7. Moreover, FcNOR bound directly to the promoter of FcERF100 and inhibited its transcription. In addition, ethylene treatment upregulated FcNOR and FcPL7 expression and downregulated FcERF28 and FcERF100 expression. Our findings reveal a novel FcERF100-centered regulatory complex and resolve how the complex achieves the necessary cell wall modification during an early stage of fruit growth and implements drastic softening at fruit ripening by modulating component proportions.

摘要

调节果实质地变化的机制尚未完全阐明。转录因子FcERF100在无花果(Ficus carica L.)果实成熟过程中质地急剧丧失期间表现出快速的转录抑制。FcERF100的瞬时过表达延迟了无花果果实软化,并显著降低了关键细胞壁修饰果胶裂解酶基因FcPL7的转录丰度。酵母单杂交(Y1H)试验、染色质免疫沉淀-qPCR、电泳迁移率变动分析(EMSA)和双荧光素酶报告基因试验表明,FcERF100通过经由GCC-box和DRE/CRT元件直接结合启动子来抑制FcPL7转录。稳定的转基因无花果树系进一步验证了FcERF100对FcPL7表达的抑制作用。我们通过Y1H和EMSA检测到FcERF28作为FcERF100的上游元件,并通过双荧光素酶试验揭示了其与FcERF100的结合及对FcERF100的激活。综上所述,FcERF28-FcERF100转录级联作为FcPL7丰度的协同限流阀。然后,我们通过酵母双杂交筛选,以FcERF100为诱饵鉴定出一个NAC转录因子FcNOR。FcNOR沉默延缓了无花果果实软化,同时FcPL7转录本和果胶裂解酶活性降低。FcNOR与FcERF100相互作用形成蛋白质复合物,减弱了FcERF100对FcPL7的转录抑制。此外,FcNOR直接结合到FcERF100的启动子并抑制其转录。另外,乙烯处理上调了FcNOR和FcPL7的表达,下调了FcERF28和FcERF100的表达。我们的研究结果揭示了一种以FcERF100为中心的新型调控复合物,并解析了该复合物如何在果实生长早期实现必要的细胞壁修饰,以及如何通过调节组分比例在果实成熟时实现急剧软化。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/461e/12205886/33c0e2ec0529/PBI-23-2611-g008.jpg

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