为寂静而哀悼:丧亲之痛与耳鸣——一种视角
Mourning for Silence: Bereavement and Tinnitus-A Perspective.
作者信息
De Ridder Dirk, Langguth Berthold, Schlee Winfried
机构信息
Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
出版信息
J Clin Med. 2025 Mar 25;14(7):2218. doi: 10.3390/jcm14072218.
Tinnitus is defined as the conscious awareness of a tonal or composite noise for which there is no identifiable corresponding external acoustic source, which becomes tinnitus disorder when the phantom sound is associated with suffering and/or disability. There is only limited knowledge about the time course of tinnitus disorder. Bereavement science has identified four different trajectories: resilience, recovery, chronic, and delayed. The question arises whether these four trajectories exist in tinnitus as well if one considers tinnitus as the loss of silence (at will). To verify whether these four trajectories exist, short-term tinnitus progression was analyzed retrospectively using an Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) approach, extracting the data from patients who started using the TrackYourTinnitus (TYT) app (version 1, Ulm University, 2013) from the start of their tinnitus perception. Four patients were identified retrospectively via the TYT app with acute tinnitus, and the bereavement trajectories were reconstructed based on EMA. In conclusion, this perspective suggests that the four known bereavement trajectories may exist in tinnitus, and prospective evaluations of larger samples are warranted to confirm or disprove this analogy between bereavement and tinnitus, in which tinnitus is conceived as the loss of (controllable) silence.
耳鸣被定义为对一种音调或复合声音的自觉感知,而不存在可识别的相应外部声源,当这种幻听与痛苦和/或残疾相关联时,就成为耳鸣障碍。目前对于耳鸣障碍的时间进程了解有限。哀伤研究已经确定了四种不同的轨迹:恢复力、恢复、慢性和延迟。如果将耳鸣视为(随意的)安静丧失,那么问题就来了,这四种轨迹在耳鸣中是否也存在。为了验证这四种轨迹是否存在,我们使用生态瞬时评估(EMA)方法对短期耳鸣进展进行了回顾性分析,从耳鸣感知开始就使用TrackYourTinnitus(TYT)应用程序(版本1,乌尔姆大学,2013年)的患者中提取数据。通过TYT应用程序回顾性确定了4例急性耳鸣患者,并基于EMA重建了哀伤轨迹。总之,这一观点表明,耳鸣中可能存在四种已知的哀伤轨迹,需要对更大样本进行前瞻性评估,以证实或反驳哀伤与耳鸣之间的这种类比,其中耳鸣被视为(可控的)安静丧失。