Singh Alpana, Chaudhary Rishabh
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India.
Int Immunopharmacol. 2025 May 16;155:114616. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114616. Epub 2025 Apr 13.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), ligand-activated transcription factors, have emerged as a key regulator of various biological processes, underscoring their relevance in the pathophysiology and treatment of numerous diseases. PPARs are primarily recognized for their critical role in lipid and glucose metabolism, which underpins their therapeutic applications in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Beyond metabolic disorders, they have gained attention for their involvement in immune modulation, making them potential targets for autoimmune-related inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, PPAR's ability to regulate proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis has positioned them as promising candidates in oncology. Their anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties further highlight their potential in dermatological and cardiovascular conditions, where dysregulated inflammatory responses contribute to disease progression. Recent advancements have elucidated the molecular mechanisms of different PPAR isoforms, including their regulation of key signalling pathways such as NF-κB and MAPK, which are crucial in inflammation and cellular stress responses. Additionally, their interactions with co-factors and post-translational modifications further diversify their functional roles. The therapeutic potential of various PPAR agonists has been extensively explored, although challenges related to side effects and target specificity remain. This growing body of evidence underscores the significance of PPARs in understanding the molecular basis of diseases and advancing therapeutic interventions, paving way for targeted treatment approach across a wide spectrum of medical conditions. Here, we provide a comprehensive and detailed perspective of PPARs and their potential across different health conditions to advance our understanding, elucidate underlying mechanisms, and facilitate the development of potential treatment strategies.
过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体（PPARs）是配体激活的转录因子，已成为各种生物学过程的关键调节因子，凸显了它们在多种疾病的病理生理学和治疗中的相关性。PPARs主要因其在脂质和葡萄糖代谢中的关键作用而被认可，这是其在治疗2型糖尿病中的应用基础。除代谢紊乱外，它们因参与免疫调节而受到关注，使其成为自身免疫相关炎症性疾病的潜在靶点。此外，PPAR调节增殖、分化和凋亡的能力使其成为肿瘤学中有前景的候选者。它们的抗炎和抗纤维化特性进一步突出了其在皮肤病学和心血管疾病中的潜力，在这些疾病中炎症反应失调会导致疾病进展。最近的进展阐明了不同PPAR亚型的分子机制，包括它们对关键信号通路如NF-κB和MAPK的调节，这些通路在炎症和细胞应激反应中至关重要。此外，它们与辅助因子的相互作用和翻译后修饰进一步使它们的功能角色多样化。尽管与副作用和靶点特异性相关的挑战仍然存在，但各种PPAR激动剂的治疗潜力已得到广泛探索。越来越多的证据强调了PPARs在理解疾病分子基础和推进治疗干预方面的重要性，为广泛的医疗状况的靶向治疗方法铺平了道路。在此，我们提供了关于PPARs及其在不同健康状况下潜力的全面而详细的观点，以增进我们的理解、阐明潜在机制并促进潜在治疗策略的发展。
