The SlERF4-9-SlCDF1/3-SlAEC2/SlPIN5 module regulates tomato root morphogenesis.

AP2/ERF transcription factors regulate plants' growth, development, and stress responses. In this study, the seed germination rate and seedling growth were reduced in the tomato mutant. The fresh weight, drought weight, number of primary lateral roots (LRs), average root diameter, and number of root tips were also decreased in the mutant. The findings suggest that SlERF4-9 plays a significant role in root growth and development. The results of RNA-seq analysis of young roots indicated that the mutation of did not affect the expression of genes related to auxin biosynthesis or signal transduction, but it did reduce the expression of the auxin efflux carrier genes and . Moreover, the mutation of affected the distribution of auxin in the roots of DR5 × WT and DR5 × hybrid tomato seedlings. However, the promoters of and do not possess the GCC-box or DRE elements, suggesting that SlERF4-9 does not directly regulate their transcription. In addition, the expression levels of the two Cycling DOF Factors (CDFs) and decreased in the roots of the mutant. Moreover, the GCC-box was present in the promoters of and . Therefore, exploring the regulatory relationships between , /, and will further our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of tomato root growth and development.