Gotink Joachim, Gadeyne Sylvie
Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2025 Mar 7;22(3):391. doi: 10.3390/ijerph22030391.
Multiple studies have found an association between ambient air quality, noise pollution, green spaces and health. The underlying mechanisms of this association remain partly unknown. In this study, we focus on subjective perception as a potential underlying factor. We assess (I) the association between objective and subjective indicators of the living environment and all-cause mortality, as well as (II) the potential modification of the relationship between objective exposures and all-cause mortality by subjective perception: The data consisted of a linkage between the 2001 census, mortality register data from 1 October 2001 to 31 December 2016 and objective indicators of the residential living environment (air and noise pollution and green spaces). We used Cox regression to investigate the impact of objective and subjective indicators of the living environment and their potential interaction effect on all-cause mortality in the Brussels Capital Region: A negative subjective perception of the residential living environment is associated with an increased risk of mortality, even when controlling for socio-demographic parameters. Similarly, objective indicators of air pollutants and green spaces are also related to mortality. When studying the interaction effect, the beneficial effect of a neutral subjective perception stands out. Subjectively satisfied individuals living in the worst objective conditions showed the highest level of mortality hazard. Noise pollution was the only exception, characterized by the lack of an interaction effect: This study showed that besides objective indicators, the subjective perception of the residential environment also matters, and both interact to influence life chances. Subjective indicators not only have a genuine independent impact but also act as an underlying factor in the relationship between the objective residential environment and health.
多项研究发现，环境空气质量、噪音污染、绿地与健康之间存在关联。这种关联的潜在机制仍部分未知。在本研究中，我们将主观感知作为一个潜在的影响因素进行重点研究。我们评估：（I）居住环境的客观指标与主观指标和全因死亡率之间的关联，以及（II）主观感知对客观暴露与全因死亡率之间关系的潜在修正作用：数据包括2001年人口普查、2001年10月1日至2016年12月31日的死亡率登记数据以及居住环境的客观指标（空气污染、噪音污染和绿地）之间的关联。我们使用Cox回归来研究居住环境的客观指标和主观指标及其潜在交互作用对布鲁塞尔首都大区全因死亡率的影响：即使在控制了社会人口统计学参数的情况下，对居住环境的负面主观感知也与死亡风险增加有关。同样，空气污染物和绿地的客观指标也与死亡率有关。在研究交互作用时，中性主观感知的有益作用凸显出来。生活在客观条件最差但主观满意的个体显示出最高的死亡风险水平。噪音污染是唯一的例外，其特征是缺乏交互作用：本研究表明，除了客观指标外，居住环境的主观感知也很重要，二者相互作用影响生存几率。主观指标不仅具有真正的独立影响，而且在客观居住环境与健康的关系中作为一个潜在因素发挥作用。
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