Bahamón Marly Johana, Javela José Julián, Ortega-Bechara Andrea, Matar-Khalil Shadye, Ocampo-Flórez Esteban, Uribe-Alvarado J Isaac, Cabezas-Corcione Andrés, Cudris-Torres Lorena
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Montería, Universidad del Sinú "Elías Bechara Zainúm", Córdoba 230002, Colombia.
CINDE, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2025 Mar 11;22(3):411. doi: 10.3390/ijerph22030411.
Suicide is a global public health issue, particularly in low- and middle-income countries and among vulnerable groups such as adolescents. Despite increasing research efforts, understanding the psychosocial factors associated with suicidal behavior remains a challenge. This study examines family and personal histories of suicidal behavior, exposure to violence, empathy, and perceived social support in adolescents who have received healthcare services in Ecuador.
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 438 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. Participants were classified into suicide attempt survivors (AS, = 58) and non-attempters (NAS, = 380). A characterization questionnaire was applied (prior hospitalization for suicide attempt, family history, and survivor condition), the Alexian Brother Urge to Self-Injure scale, the Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the Cognitive and Affective Empathy Test.
Adolescents with a history of suicide attempts exhibited higher levels of self-injurious behavior impulse (OR = 8.90, CI 95% [4.28-18.52], < 0.001), Gravity attempt (OR = 8.162, CI 95% [4.34-15.37], < 0.001), and suicide risk (OR = 2.90, CI 95% [1.42-5.94], = 0.006). A significant association was found between suicide attempts and exposure to domestic ( = 0.000), school ( = 0.000), and sexual violence ( = 0.000). A family history of suicide attempts increased the likelihood of suicidal behavior in adolescents (OR = 2.40, CI 95% [1.12-5.16], = 0.022). In contrast, perceived family support acted as a potential protective factor (OR = 0.36, CI 95% [0.15-0.91], = 0.055).
These findings highlight the need for prevention strategies that address social and developmental factors.
自杀是一个全球性的公共卫生问题，在低收入和中等收入国家以及青少年等弱势群体中尤为突出。尽管研究力度不断加大，但了解与自杀行为相关的社会心理因素仍然是一项挑战。本研究调查了在厄瓜多尔接受医疗服务的青少年的自杀行为家族史和个人史、暴力暴露情况、同理心以及感知到的社会支持。
对438名年龄在12至18岁的青少年进行了一项横断面研究。参与者被分为自杀未遂幸存者（AS，n = 58）和未尝试者（NAS，n = 380）。应用了一份特征调查问卷（自杀未遂的既往住院情况、家族史和幸存者状况）、阿列克谢兄弟自伤冲动量表、普卢契克自杀风险量表、感知社会支持多维量表以及认知和情感同理心测试。
有自杀未遂史的青少年表现出更高水平的自伤行为冲动（OR = 8.90，95%置信区间[4.28 - 18.52]，P < 0.001）、严重尝试（OR = 8.162，95%置信区间[4.34 - 15.37]，P < 0.001）和自杀风险（OR = 2.90，95%置信区间[1.42 - 5.94]，P = 0.006）。发现自杀未遂与家庭（P = 0.000）、学校（P = 0.000）和性暴力暴露（P = 0.000）之间存在显著关联。自杀未遂家族史增加了青少年自杀行为的可能性（OR = 2.40，95%置信区间[1.12 - 5.16]，P = 0.022）。相比之下，感知到的家庭支持起到了潜在的保护因素作用（OR = 0.36，95%置信区间[0.15 - 0.91]，P = 0.055）。
这些发现凸显了针对社会和发展因素的预防策略的必要性。
