Zhu Yuheng, Liu Sichen, Chen Hanbo, Yu Pingfeng, Chen Chongjun
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, PR China.
Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, School of Environment and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, PR China.
Environ Res. 2025 Jul 15;277:121615. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.121615. Epub 2025 Apr 14.
Ammonium nitrogen (NH) is a highly recalcitrant pollutant, leading to severe degradation of aquatic ecosystems and posing serious risks to human health. The application of biochar for NH removal from wastewater has gained widespread attention. However, its inherent limitations in adsorption capacity present a significant constraint on its broader practical implementation. To address this limitation, various modification techniques have been developed to endow biochar with a range of physicochemical properties. In this review, a systematic investigation was conducted to assess the efficacy of various modification methods on the adsorptive capacity of biochar for NH in aqueous solutions. Additionally, this review summarizes the adsorption mechanisms which are divided into five categories: hydrogen bonding, pore filling, electrostatic interaction, ion exchange and surface complexation. This review offers valuable insights into the strategies for achieving enhanced adsorption of NH by modified biochar, along with a comprehensive summary of the associated removal mechanisms.
铵态氮（NH）是一种高度难降解的污染物，会导致水生生态系统严重退化，并对人类健康构成严重风险。生物炭在去除废水中的NH方面的应用已受到广泛关注。然而，其吸附容量的固有局限性对其更广泛的实际应用构成了重大限制。为了解决这一局限性，已开发出各种改性技术，以使生物炭具有一系列物理化学性质。在本综述中，进行了系统的研究，以评估各种改性方法对生物炭在水溶液中对NH的吸附能力的影响。此外，本综述总结了吸附机制，分为五类：氢键、孔隙填充、静电相互作用、离子交换和表面络合。本综述为通过改性生物炭增强对NH的吸附策略提供了有价值的见解，并全面总结了相关的去除机制。
