Ribeiro Maria Tereza Hordones, Price Richard Bengt, Michaud Pierre-Luc, Soares Carlos José
School of Dentistry, UFU - Federal University of Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
Department Dental Clinical Sciences and School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Dent Mater. 2025 Jun;41(6):699-707. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2025.04.001. Epub 2025 Apr 15.
This study evaluated the fracture toughness (K), energy absorption E and Vickers hardness (VH) of resin-based composites (RBC) photo-polymerized with new light curing unit (LCU) technologies: one laser diode (Monet Laser - AMD Lasers), one polywave™ LED (PowerCure - Ivoclar) and one quadwave LED (PinkWave - Apex).
Two conventional: Evo, Tetric EvoCeram (Ivoclar) and FS, Filtek Supreme (Solventum); and two bulk-fill: PF, PowerFill (Ivoclar) and AF, Admira Fusion x-tra (VOCO) were tested. The RBC specimens were photo-polymerized for 1 second with the Monet, 3 seconds with the PinkWave in the 3-second-high output mode, and the 10-second standard mode using the PowerCure light. The power (mW), irradiance (mW/cm), radiant exposure (J/cm), and emission spectrum (mW/cm/nm) were measured using a fiberoptic spectrometer attached to an integrating sphere. K (K, MPa·m) was obtained using an 8.2 mm diameter and 2.0 mm thick metal mold. After 24-hour storage at 37 °C, the K was measured in a universal testing machine at a rate of 0.5 mm/min. The energy absorption (E, N/mm) up to failure was calculated. The Vickers hardness (VH, Kg/mm) was measured at the bottom of the K specimen. Data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey multiple comparison test (α = 0.05).
Both the K and VH were significantly influenced by the light-curing unit/exposure time and by the RBC used (p < .001). The Monet emitted the highest power (1501.4 mW) but delivered the lowest radiant exposure (3.0 J/cm). In general, the K values did not differ when RBCs were photo-polymerized with PowerCure in the standard 10 s or 3 s modes, except for the Admira Fusion x-tra. The K, VH and energy absorption to failure values were higher for all RBCs when photo-polymerized with PowerCure in the Standard mode for 10 s and lowest with the Monet used for 1 s. Filtek Supreme had the highest VH values regardless of the curing light unit/exposure time. The VH was better at detecting differences between the LCUs/exposure time and the RBC.
Short 1-3 s exposure times produce inferior physicomechanical properties in some RBCs compared to a 10 s exposure at a lower irradiance. Clinicians should understand how much energy the manufacturers of the RBCs are recommending should be delivered to their RBC.
本研究评估了采用新型光固化单元（LCU）技术光聚合的树脂基复合材料（RBC）的断裂韧性（K）、能量吸收（E）和维氏硬度（VH），这些技术包括：一种激光二极管（莫奈激光 - AMD激光）、一种多波™发光二极管（强力固化 - 义获嘉）和一种四波发光二极管（粉红波 - 艾派克）。
测试了两种传统材料：爱沃（Evo）、Tetric EvoCeram（义获嘉）和菲仕（FS）、Filtek Supreme（3M）；以及两种可大量填充的材料：强力填充（PF）、PowerFill（义获嘉）和超凡融合x-tra（AF）、Admira Fusion x-tra（VOCO）。RBC样本分别使用莫奈光固化1秒、粉红波在3秒高输出模式下光固化3秒，以及使用强力固化光在10秒标准模式下光固化。使用连接积分球的光纤光谱仪测量功率（mW）、辐照度（mW/cm）、辐射曝光量（J/cm）和发射光谱（mW/cm/nm）。使用直径8.2毫米、厚2.0毫米的金属模具获得K（K，MPa·m）。在37°C下储存24小时后，在万能试验机上以0.5毫米/分钟的速率测量K。计算直至失效的能量吸收（E，N/mm）。在K样本底部测量维氏硬度（VH，Kg/mm）。数据采用双向方差分析，随后进行Tukey多重比较检验（α = 0.05）。
K和VH均受到光固化单元/曝光时间以及所使用的RBC的显著影响（p < 0.001）。莫奈发出的功率最高（1501.4 mW），但辐射曝光量最低（3.0 J/cm）。一般来说，当RBC使用强力固化在标准10秒或3秒模式下光聚合时，K值没有差异，但超凡融合x-tra除外。当使用强力固化在标准模式下光聚合10秒时，所有RBC的K、VH和失效能量吸收值最高，而使用莫奈光固化1秒时最低。无论固化光单元/曝光时间如何，Filtek Supreme的VH值最高。VH在检测光固化单元/曝光时间与RBC之间的差异方面表现更好。
与在较低辐照度下曝光10秒相比，1 - 3秒的短曝光时间会使某些RBC的物理机械性能较差。临床医生应了解RBC制造商建议传递给其RBC的能量有多少。
