Global burden of TBL cancer in older adults: the role of dietary factors (1990-2021).

BACKGROUND

The incidence and mortality rates of trachea, bronchus, and lung cancers (TBL) continue to rise globally. Despite a trend of increasing cases among younger populations, the majority of patients with TBL remain concentrated in the 50 + age group. A comprehensive analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database reveals that fruit-deficient diets significantly contribute to both mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with TBL, particularly in patients aged 55 and older, thus posing a major global health challenge. This highlights the critical need to address the burden of this dietary risk factor in older populations. Leveraging the unparalleled value of GBD research in assessing health impacts, this study emphasizes the importance of mitigating the influence of poor dietary habits on elderly populations. The goal is to support informed public health decisions and strategies that can advance global health outcomes.

METHODS

Between 1990 and 2021, this study systematically analyzed key indicators for patients with TBL aged 55 + , including morbidity, mortality, DALYs, age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs), age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs), and age-standardized DALYs (ASDRs). A thorough risk association analysis was conducted regarding the role of fruit-poor diets in TBL incidence. Data visualization and graphing were performed using JD_GBDR (V2.32) to explore disease characteristics and risk factors, enabling rigorous analysis of the impact of dietary patterns on TBL outcomes in this demographic.

RESULTS

From 1990 to 2021, the global incidence of TBL has shown a marked increase in individuals aged 55 and older. By 2021, cases are projected to reach 2.02 million, with deaths rising to 1.8 million. Over the past 30 years, morbidity has surged by 116.82%, mortality by 99.88%, and DALYs by 80.56%. Notably, within the TBL patient group aged over 55, insufficient fruit intake has emerged as a key factor, contributing to 56,583 deaths-a 39.33% increase in mortality since 1990-and 1,200,556 DALYs, reflecting a 26.48% rise. These figures underscore the significant role of inadequate fruit intake in the disease progression of older patients with TBL, directly influencing mortality rates and DALY outcomes.

CONCLUSION

The study reveals an overall upward trajectory in global morbidity, mortality, and DALYs among patients with TBL aged 55 and older between 1990 and 2021. The growing impact of inadequate fruit intake on both mortality and disability-adjusted life years highlights the severity of this risk. Regional variations may occur due to local factors, including environment, healthcare access, and economic conditions. This research offers valuable insights into the global burden and distinct risk factors of TBL in older populations, with particular emphasis on the influence of dietary factors. Future studies and public health strategies must address these elements to effectively tackle the challenges associated with TBL.