Nhuchhen Pradhan Roshani, Montell Craig, Lee Youngseok
Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, and the Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States.
Elife. 2025 Apr 17;14:RP106256. doi: 10.7554/eLife.106256.
The question as to whether animals taste cholesterol taste is not resolved. This study investigates whether the fruit fly, , is capable of detecting cholesterol through their gustatory system. We found that flies are indifferent to low levels of cholesterol and avoid higher levels. The avoidance is mediated by gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs), demonstrating that flies can taste cholesterol. The cholesterol-responsive GRNs comprise a subset that also responds to bitter substances. Cholesterol detection depends on five ionotropic receptor (IR) family members, and disrupting any of these genes impairs the flies' ability to avoid cholesterol. Ectopic expressions of these IRs in GRNs reveals two classes of cholesterol receptors, each with three shared IRs and one unique subunit. Additionally, expressing cholesterol receptors in sugar-responsive GRNs confers attraction to cholesterol. This study reveals that flies can taste cholesterol, and that the detection depends on IRs in GRNs.
动物是否能尝出胆固醇的味道这一问题尚未解决。本研究调查了果蝇是否能够通过其味觉系统检测胆固醇。我们发现，果蝇对低水平的胆固醇无动于衷，但会避开较高水平的胆固醇。这种回避行为是由味觉受体神经元（GRNs）介导的，表明果蝇能够尝出胆固醇的味道。对胆固醇有反应的GRNs包含一个也对苦味物质有反应的子集。胆固醇检测依赖于五个离子型受体（IR）家族成员，破坏这些基因中的任何一个都会损害果蝇避开胆固醇的能力。这些IRs在GRNs中的异位表达揭示了两类胆固醇受体，每类都有三个共享的IRs和一个独特的亚基。此外，在对糖有反应的GRNs中表达胆固醇受体可使果蝇对胆固醇产生吸引力。这项研究表明，果蝇能够尝出胆固醇的味道，并且这种检测依赖于GRNs中的IRs。
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