Jeong Jinyoung, Jo Hyesu, Son Yejun, Park Jaeyu, Oh Jiyeon, Lee Sooji, Jeong Yi Deun, Lee Kyeongmin, Kim Hyeon Jin, Lee Hayeon, Kim Soeun, Yim Yesol, Rahmati Masoud, Kang Jiseung, Udeh Raphael, Pizzol Damiano, Smith Lee, Hwang Jiyoung, Yon Dong Keon
Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 17;15(1):13285. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-98106-9.
Vaccine-induced immunosuppression can reactivate the varicella-zoster virus, potentially leading to the development of herpes zoster. However, the literature on this topic is inconsistent, resulting in limited clarity. Therefore, we aimed to enhance our understanding of vaccine-associated herpes zoster and establish guidelines for future research, utilizing a global database to improve global public health. We investigated vaccine-associated adverse events in herpes zoster using reports (~ 13 million reports) from the WHO international pharmacovigilance database. Data were analyzed for the global number of reports, reported odds ratios (ROR), and information components (IC) to determine the potential association between 18 vaccines and vaccine-associated herpes zoster reports in nearly 170 countries and territories from 1969 to 2023. Of 7,805,380 vaccine-associated adverse events, there were 51,985 herpes zoster reports. Vaccine-associated herpes zoster showed the highest strength of association with COVID-19 mRNA vaccines (ROR, 11.85 [95% CI, 11.70-12.01]; IC, 2.74 [IC, 2.72]), followed by encephalitis (ROR, 4.07 [95% CI, 3.37-4.92]; IC, 2.00 [IC, 1.68]), influenza (ROR, 3.44 [95% CI, 3.28-3.62]; IC, 1.77 [IC, 1.69]), and ad5-vectored COVID-19 vaccines (ROR, 3.05 [95% CI, 2.97-3.14]; IC, 1.54 [IC, 1.50]). The ROR and IC of vaccine-associated herpes zoster in males (ROR, 7.94 [95% CI, 7.80-8.08]; IC, 2.47 [IC, 2.45]) and females (ROR, 6.71 [95% CI, 6.62-6.80]; IC, 2.30 [IC, 2.28]). The ROR and IC increased with advancing age. Our findings emphasize the need to consider the immune status of vaccine recipients and to implement appropriate compensation and management manuals for vaccine-associated herpes zoster.
疫苗诱导的免疫抑制可使水痘-带状疱疹病毒重新激活，有可能导致带状疱疹的发生。然而，关于这一主题的文献并不一致，导致清晰度有限。因此，我们旨在加深对疫苗相关带状疱疹的理解，并制定未来研究的指南，利用全球数据库来改善全球公共卫生。我们使用世界卫生组织国际药物警戒数据库中的报告（约1300万份报告），调查了带状疱疹中与疫苗相关的不良事件。分析了1969年至2023年近170个国家和地区的全球报告数量、报告比值比（ROR）和信息成分（IC），以确定18种疫苗与疫苗相关带状疱疹报告之间的潜在关联。在7805380例与疫苗相关的不良事件中，有51985例带状疱疹报告。疫苗相关带状疱疹与新冠病毒mRNA疫苗的关联强度最高（ROR，11.85[95%CI，11.70-12.01]；IC，2.74[IC，2.72]），其次是脑炎（ROR，4.07[95%CI，3.37-4.92]；IC，2.00[IC，1.68]）、流感（ROR，3.44[95%CI，3.28-3.62]；IC，1.77[IC，1.69]）和腺病毒5型载体新冠疫苗（ROR，3.05[95%CI，2.97-3.14]；IC，1.54[IC，1.50]）。男性（ROR，7.94[95%CI，7.80-8.08]；IC，2.47[IC，2.45]）和女性（ROR，6.71[95%CI，6.62-6.80]；IC，2.30[IC，2.28]）中疫苗相关带状疱疹的ROR和IC。ROR和IC随着年龄的增长而增加。我们的研究结果强调，需要考虑疫苗接种者的免疫状态，并为疫苗相关带状疱疹实施适当的补偿和管理手册。
