T细胞急性淋巴细胞白血病:亚型患病率、临床结局及新兴靶向治疗

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: subtype prevalence, clinical outcome, and emerging targeted treatments.

作者信息

Buckley Maxim, Yeung David T, White Deborah L, Eadie Laura N

机构信息

Blood Cancer, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.

Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.

出版信息

Leukemia. 2025 Apr 17. doi: 10.1038/s41375-025-02599-2.

Abstract

T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (T-ALL) is a high-risk hematological disease constituting ~20% of acute leukemias. To date, the only subtype recognized by the World Health Organization's International Consensus Classification is early T-cell precursor ALL. To improve clinical outcomes, several studies have investigated and defined T-ALL genomic subtypes within cohorts of varied ages and geographical locations. These studies have also utilized differing analysis methods including whole transcriptome, exome, or genome sequencing as well as immunophenotyping and cytogenetic testing. As a result, there are significant differences in reported subtypes as well as the frequency at which each occurs. The reported clinical outcomes for specific genomic alterations also depend on patient demographics and treatment protocols. This review synthesizes the data from four T-ALL genomic landscape studies establishing consensus and highlighting differences, details clinical outcomes for the most common genomic alterations observed in T-ALL patients, and proposes novel avenues for future investigation and treatment.

摘要

T细胞急性淋巴细胞白血病(T-ALL)是一种高危血液疾病,约占急性白血病的20%。迄今为止,世界卫生组织国际共识分类所认可的唯一亚型是早期T细胞前体ALL。为改善临床结局,多项研究在不同年龄和地理位置的队列中对T-ALL基因组亚型进行了研究和定义。这些研究还采用了不同的分析方法,包括全转录组、外显子组或基因组测序以及免疫表型分析和细胞遗传学检测。因此,所报告的亚型以及每种亚型出现的频率存在显著差异。特定基因组改变的报告临床结局也取决于患者人口统计学特征和治疗方案。本综述综合了四项T-ALL基因组格局研究的数据,确立了共识并突出了差异,详述了T-ALL患者中观察到的最常见基因组改变的临床结局,并提出了未来研究和治疗的新途径。

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