Father Involvement in Pregnancy and Postnatal Care: Combined Perspectives of Fathers, Mothers, and Service Providers.

Involving fathers in pregnancy and postnatal healthcare services can enhance family wellbeing, yet father-inclusive practice remains limited. This study explored the perspectives of key stakeholders (fathers, mothers and service providers) regarding father-inclusive healthcare. Separate online focus groups were held with Australian fathers (n = 4) and mothers (n = 10) of infants up to 12 months old. Semi-structured interviews were held with postnatal service providers (n = 12). Each dataset was analyzed thematically; key findings were then synthesized into overarching themes. All participant groups acknowledged the benefits of father involvement. Barriers to father involvement included traditional role divisions, fathers' competing commitments, workplace inflexibilities, and healthcare systems focused on mothers. Enablers included partner support, positive healthcare experiences, and the provision of father-specific services. Consistent with the view that active fathering has benefits for all the family and to enhance family health, father inclusion is recommended. However, this may require changes at the service, workplace, and societal levels.