Zhao Xi, Yang Jia, Wang Haiyan, Xu Haidong, Zhou Yuyi, Duan Liusheng
State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China.
Plant Cell Environ. 2025 Apr 21. doi: 10.1111/pce.15546.
Plant growth and development are governed by a rigorously timed sequence of ontogenetic programmes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of short noncoding RNAs, function as master regulators of gene expression by targeting mRNAs for cleavage or direct translational inhibition at the posttranscriptional level in eukaryotes. Numerous miRNA molecules that control significant agronomic properties in plants have been found. On the one hand, miRNAs target transcription factors (TFs) to determine plant structure, such as root development, internode elongation, leaf morphogenesis, sex determination and nutrient transition. On the other hand, miRNAs alter expression levels to adapt to biological and abiotic stresses, including fungi, bacteria, viruses, drought, waterlogging, high temperature, low temperature, salinity, nutrient deficiencies, heavy metals and other abiotic stresses. To fully understand the role of miRNAs in plants, we review the regulatory role of miRNAs in plant development and stress resistance. Beyond that, we propose that the novel miRNA in review can be effectively further studied with artificial miRNA (amiRNA) or short tandem target mimics (STTM) and miRNA delivery in vitro can be used to improve crop yield and agricultural sustainability.
植物的生长和发育受一系列严格定时的个体发育程序控制。微小RNA（miRNA）是一类短的非编码RNA，在真核生物中通过在转录后水平靶向mRNA进行切割或直接抑制翻译，从而作为基因表达的主要调节因子发挥作用。现已发现众多控制植物重要农艺性状的miRNA分子。一方面，miRNA靶向转录因子（TF）以决定植物结构，如根系发育、节间伸长、叶片形态发生、性别决定和营养转换。另一方面，miRNA改变表达水平以适应生物和非生物胁迫，包括真菌、细菌、病毒、干旱、涝害、高温、低温、盐度、营养缺乏、重金属及其他非生物胁迫。为全面了解miRNA在植物中的作用，我们综述了miRNA在植物发育和抗逆性中的调控作用。除此之外，我们提出，文中所述的新型miRNA可通过人工miRNA（amiRNA）或短串联靶标模拟物（STTM）进行有效深入研究，并且体外miRNA递送可用于提高作物产量和农业可持续性。
