Igoshev Andrei, Barrère Paul, Raynaud Raphaël, Guilet Jérome, Wood Toby, Hollerbach Rainer
School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Nat Astron. 2025;9(4):541-551. doi: 10.1038/s41550-025-02477-y. Epub 2025 Feb 4.
Low-field magnetars have dipolar magnetic fields of 10-10 G, 10-100 times weaker than the values of magnetic-field strength ≈ 10-10 G used to define classical magnetars, yet they produce similar X-ray bursts and outbursts. Using direct numerical simulations of magnetothermal evolution starting from a dynamo-generated magnetic field, we show that the low-field magnetars can be produced as a result of a Tayler-Spruit dynamo inside a proto-neutron star. We find that these simulations naturally explain key characteristics of low-field magnetars: weak (≲10 G) dipolar magnetic fields, strong small-scale fields and magnetically induced crustal failures producing X-ray bursts. These findings suggest that the formation channel of low- magnetars is distinct from that for classical magnetars, reflecting potential differences in proto-neutron-star dynamos.
低场磁星具有10^10 - 10^11高斯的偶极磁场，比用于定义经典磁星的磁场强度值（≈10^14 - 10^15高斯）弱10 - 100倍，但它们会产生类似的X射线爆发和爆发。通过从发电机产生的磁场开始进行磁热演化的直接数值模拟，我们表明低场磁星可以作为原中子星内部泰勒 - 斯普鲁伊特发电机的结果而产生。我们发现这些模拟自然地解释了低场磁星的关键特征：弱（≲10^11高斯）偶极磁场、强小尺度场以及产生X射线爆发的磁致地壳破裂。这些发现表明低场磁星的形成通道与经典磁星不同，反映了原中子星发电机的潜在差异。
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