Severe headache as a key symptom in bilateral idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia-induced primary hyperaldosteronism: A case report.

RATIONALE

Severe headaches can have various causes, but they are commonly associated with common conditions such as tension-type headaches or migraines. However, in cases where these common causes do not explain the symptoms, it becomes essential to investigate secondary causes. This case highlights the importance of considering rare conditions, such as bilateral idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia-induced primary hyperaldosteronism, as a potential cause of persistent headaches and refractory hypertension. The study aims to explore the relationship between primary hyperaldosteronism and severe headaches, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate treatment for improving patient outcomes.

PATIENT CONCERNS

A 25-year-old male presented with severe, sporadic occipital headaches that had been ongoing for 2 months.

DIAGNOSES

Initial tests, including a complete blood count, thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, and echocardiography were normal. Despite antihypertensive treatment, his blood pressure remained elevated. Further investigations revealed a high aldosterone-to-renin ratio, indicative of primary hyperaldosteronism. Imaging confirmed the diagnosis of bilateral idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia.

TREATMENT

Management of bilateral idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia involves medical therapy with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists like spironolactone or eplerenone. These medications block the effects of aldosterone, helping to control blood pressure and correct electrolyte imbalances.

OUTCOMES

The patient's refractory hypertension to initial therapies underscores the necessity of considering secondary causes of hypertension early in the diagnostic process, particularly in young patients without a significant family history of hypertension.

LESSONS

This case highlights the importance of considering secondary causes of hypertension and severe headaches when common treatments do not yield the expected results. Timely diagnosis of conditions like primary hyperaldosteronism can significantly improve patient outcomes through targeted therapy.