Reza Md Nasim, Ali Md Razob, Haque Md Asrakul, Jin Hongbin, Kyoung Hyunjin, Choi Young Kyoung, Kim Gookhwan, Chung Sun-Ok
Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Graduate School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
Department of Smart Agricultural Systems, Graduate School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
J Anim Sci Technol. 2025 Mar;67(2):277-302. doi: 10.5187/jast.2024.e113. Epub 2025 Mar 31.
Pig farming is experiencing significant transformations, driven by technological advancements, which have greatly improved management practices and overall productivity. Sound-based technologies are emerging as a valuable tool in enhancing precision pig farming. This review explores the advancements in sound-based technologies and their role in improving precision pig farming through enhanced monitoring of health, behavior, and environmental conditions. When strategically placed on farms, non-invasive technologies such as microphones and sound sensors can continuously collect data without disturbing the animals, making them highly efficient. Farmers using sound data, can monitor key factors such as respiratory conditions, stress levels, and social behaviors, leading to improved animal welfare and optimized production. Advancements in sensor technology and data analytics have enhanced the capabilities of sound-based precision systems in pig farming. The integration of machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) is further enhancing the capacity to interpret complex sound patterns, enabling the automated detection of abnormal behaviors or health issues. Moreover, sound-based precision technologies offer solutions for improving environmental sustainability and resource management in pig farming. By continuously monitoring ventilation, feed distribution, and other key factors, these systems optimize resource use, reduce energy consumption, and detect stressors such as heat and poor air quality. The integration of sound technologies with other precision farming tools, such as physiological monitoring sensors and automated feeding systems, further enhances farm management and productivity. However, despite the advantages, challenges remain in terms of low accuracy and high initial costs, and further research is needed to improve specificity across different pig breeds and environmental conditions. Nonetheless, acoustic technologies hold immense promise for pig farming, offering enhanced management, an optimized performance, and improved animal welfare. Continued research can refine these tools and address the challenges, paving the way for a more efficient, profitable, and sustainable future for the industry.
受技术进步推动，养猪业正在经历重大变革，这些技术进步极大地改善了管理实践和整体生产力。基于声音的技术正成为提高精准养猪水平的宝贵工具。本综述探讨了基于声音的技术进步及其在通过加强对健康、行为和环境状况的监测来改善精准养猪方面的作用。当战略性地放置在农场时，麦克风和声音传感器等非侵入性技术可以在不干扰动物的情况下持续收集数据，使其效率极高。使用声音数据的农民可以监测呼吸状况、压力水平和社会行为等关键因素，从而提高动物福利并优化生产。传感器技术和数据分析的进步增强了养猪业基于声音的精准系统的能力。机器学习和人工智能（AI）的整合进一步提高了解读复杂声音模式的能力，能够自动检测异常行为或健康问题。此外，基于声音的精准技术为改善养猪业的环境可持续性和资源管理提供了解决方案。通过持续监测通风、饲料分配和其他关键因素，这些系统优化了资源利用，降低了能源消耗，并检测到热和空气质量差等压力源。声音技术与其他精准养殖工具（如生理监测传感器和自动喂食系统）的整合进一步提高了农场管理水平和生产力。然而，尽管有这些优势，但在准确性低和初始成本高方面仍然存在挑战，需要进一步研究以提高不同猪品种和环境条件下的特异性。尽管如此，声学技术对养猪业有着巨大的前景，可提供更好的管理、优化的性能和改善的动物福利。持续的研究可以改进这些工具并应对挑战，为该行业更高效、盈利和可持续的未来铺平道路。
