Wanjala George, Bagi Zoltán, Gavojdian Dinu, Badaoui Bouabid, Astuti Putri Kusuma, Mizeranschi Alexandru, Ilisiu Elena, Ohran Husein, Juhas Eva Pasic, Loukovitis Dimitrios, Kawęcka Aldona, Šveistienė Rūta, Becskei Zsolt, Strausz Péter, Kichamu Nelly, Kusza Szilvia
Centre for Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
Doctoral School of Animal Science, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 23;15(1):14143. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-97931-2.
To better understand the genetic architecture and adaptability of native sheep, 22 breeds were genotyped using ovine50K SNP chips. Eleven additional populations from open-source repositories were included. Cross population Extended Haplotype Homozygosity (XP-EHH) and Relative Scaled Haplotype Homozygosity (Rsb) haplotype-based approaches were used to identify genetic variations influencing the adaptation of local sheep breeds to different climatic zones. The results indicate that all breeds exhibited high but declining genetic diversity levels, with a larger proportion of genetic variation explained by development history and refined by geographical origin, as shown by principal component analysis and Neighbor Net graphs. Admixture analysis revealed high admixture levels in European and North African breeds. Using XP-EHH and Rsb methods, 371 genes were putatively under selection, with only nine common among all population pairs, highlighting unique adaptability. Most identified genes, including Interleukin (IL) and cluster differentiation (CD) gene families underlie immune responses, emphasizing their role in resilience to climate change effects. These findings support that indigenous sheep breeds have retained significant genetic diversity, but improper genetic management may threaten it. Additionally, the research emphasizes that indigenous sheep breeds' unique adaptability to specific climatic zones makes them valuable genetic assets for developing climate-resilient breeds.
为了更好地了解本地绵羊的遗传结构和适应性，使用绵羊50K SNP芯片对22个品种进行了基因分型。还纳入了来自开源数据库的另外11个群体。采用跨群体扩展单倍型纯合性（XP-EHH）和相对缩放单倍型纯合性（Rsb）等基于单倍型的方法，来识别影响本地绵羊品种适应不同气候区的遗传变异。结果表明，所有品种均表现出较高但呈下降趋势的遗传多样性水平，主成分分析和邻域网图显示，较大比例的遗传变异由品种发展历史所解释，并因地理起源而细化。混合分析揭示了欧洲和北非品种中存在较高的混合水平。使用XP-EHH和Rsb方法，推测有371个基因受到选择，所有群体对中只有9个基因是共同的，突出了独特的适应性。大多数已鉴定的基因，包括白细胞介素（IL）和分化簇（CD）基因家族，是免疫反应的基础，强调了它们在抵御气候变化影响方面的作用。这些发现支持了本地绵羊品种保留了显著的遗传多样性，但不当的遗传管理可能会对其造成威胁。此外，该研究强调，本地绵羊品种对特定气候区的独特适应性使其成为培育适应气候变化品种的宝贵遗传资源。
