Liu Xiyuan, Yan Yan
Ottawa-Shanghai Joint School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Indian J Ophthalmol. 2025 May 1;73(5):637-647. doi: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_937_24. Epub 2025 Apr 24.
Optic disc drusen (ODD) is acellular calcified deposits found mainly in front of the lamina cribrosa within the optic nerve. It can cause chronic or acute vision loss. There has been progress in clinical diagnosis using ophthalmic multimodal imaging in recent years. We conducted a database search on PubMed and Google Scholar (April 2023) with no restrictions on publication year or language. We used the terms: ("optic disc drusen") OR ("optic nerve head drusen") OR ("drusen of optic nerve head"). Other terms included gene, mutation, scleral canal, axonal transport, calcinosis, mitochondria, blood vessel, vasculature, visual field, vision, and optical coherence tomography to identify publications. Etiologically, ODD may stem from congenital genetic defects, aberrant axoplasmic transport, anatomical abnormalities, and mechanical factors during ocular duction. Clinically, ODD is linked to progressive visual field defects and vascular complications. Detection of deeply buried ODD can be challenging, but advances in optical coherence tomography make early identification possible. Structural changes, including retinal nerve fiber layer thinning, can be monitored. Increasing reports indicate vascular complications, including anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, in ODD patients. Currently, ODD-related visual field defects are not effectively treated, and observation remains the primary management approach. Future pathological discoveries or the establishment of animal models may provide new evidence for revealing the pathogenesis of ODD.
视盘小疣（ODD）是主要位于视神经筛板前的无细胞钙化沉积物。它可导致慢性或急性视力丧失。近年来，眼科多模态成像在临床诊断方面取得了进展。我们在PubMed和谷歌学术（2023年4月）上进行了数据库搜索，对发表年份和语言没有限制。我们使用了以下术语：（“视盘小疣”）或（“视神经乳头小疣”）或（“视神经乳头的小疣”）。其他术语包括基因、突变、巩膜管、轴突运输、钙质沉着、线粒体、血管、脉管系统、视野、视力和光学相干断层扫描，以识别相关出版物。从病因学上讲，ODD可能源于先天性遗传缺陷、异常的轴浆运输、解剖学异常以及眼球转动时的机械因素。临床上，ODD与进行性视野缺损和血管并发症有关。检测深埋的ODD可能具有挑战性，但光学相干断层扫描的进展使早期识别成为可能。包括视网膜神经纤维层变薄在内的结构变化可以得到监测。越来越多的报告表明，ODD患者存在血管并发症，包括前部缺血性视神经病变。目前，与ODD相关的视野缺损尚无有效治疗方法，观察仍然是主要的管理方法。未来的病理学发现或动物模型的建立可能为揭示ODD的发病机制提供新的证据。
