Optimizing energy constrained target localization and tracking with radial bias and seeker optimization algorithms in wireless sensor networks.

The standard localization approach is characterized by a fixed position distribution of the anchor nodes, which cannot be dynamically modified based on the deployment environment. This paper proposes a novel approach combining Radial Bias (RB) with the Seeker Optimization Algorithm (SOA) to address the challenges of energy-constrained target localization and tracking. The RB technique enhances localization accuracy by refining the position estimates of the target, while the SOA optimizes sensor deployment and data transmission paths to minimize energy consumption. By integrating these two methodologies, ensures a balance between precision in tracking and energy efficiency. Extensive simulations shown this technique surpasses existing methods in terms of both accuracy in determining the location and the duration of network operation. This makes it attractive option for applications of energy-constrained WSNs. The investigation examines the outcome of the particle count in the RBSO algorithm, specifically for values of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25. The simulation results show that the recommended strategy decreases particles, speeds up positioning and tracking, and maintains target localization and tracking accuracy. It is seen that the proposed RadB_SOA achieves 12.4 % of transmission error, 14.6 % of ranging error, 96.3 % of localization coverage, 98.65 % of PDR, and 21.56 % of energy consumption.•The Radial Bias-Seeker Optimization Algorithm (RadB_SOA) suggested enhances the precision in target localization and optimizes energy usage in wireless sensor networks.•Simulation outcomes reveal improved tracking accuracy, minimized transmission and ranging errors, as well as increased localization coverage over current techniques.•The research presents an extensive evaluation of particle count fluctuations in RBSO, demonstrating enhanced positioning speed and precision with network efficiency.