Badiwe Mihlali, Fialho Régis Oliveira, Stevens Charles, Lombard Paul-Henri, van Niekerk Jan
Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa.
Citrus Research International, P.O. Box 28, Nelspruit 1200, South Africa.
J Fungi (Basel). 2025 Mar 28;11(4):263. doi: 10.3390/jof11040263.
The citrus industry contributes to the cultivation of one of the most important fruit crops globally. However, citrus trees are susceptible to numerous , , and -linked diseases, with dry root rot posing a serious threat to citrus orchards worldwide. These infections are exacerbated by biotic and abiotic stresses, leading to increased disease incidence. Healthy trees unexpectedly wilt and fall, exhibiting symptoms such as chlorosis, dieback, necrotic roots, root rot, wood discolouration, and eventual decline. Research indicates that the disease is caused by a complex of species from the Nectriaceae family, with being the most prominent. To improve treatment and management strategies, further studies are needed to definitively identify these phytopathogens and understand the conditions and factors associated with , , and -related diseases in citrus. This review focuses on the epidemiology and symptomatology of and species, recent advances in molecular techniques for accurate phytopathogen identification, and the molecular mechanisms of pathogenicity and resistance underlying and -citrus interactions. Additionally, the review highlights novel alternative methods, including biological control agents, for disease control to promote environmentally friendly and sustainable agricultural practices.
柑橘产业推动了全球最重要的水果作物之一的种植。然而，柑橘树易受多种、、及相关病害的影响，其中干根腐病对全球柑橘果园构成严重威胁。这些感染因生物和非生物胁迫而加剧，导致发病率上升。健康的树木会意外枯萎死亡，表现出诸如黄化、枝梢枯死、根部坏死、根腐、木材变色以及最终衰退等症状。研究表明，该病害是由肉座菌科的多种病原菌引起的，其中最为突出。为了改进治疗和管理策略，需要进一步研究以明确鉴定这些植物病原体，并了解与柑橘中、、及相关病害相关的条件和因素。本综述聚焦于和物种的流行病学和症状学、准确鉴定植物病原体的分子技术的最新进展，以及和与柑橘相互作用的致病性和抗性的分子机制。此外，该综述还强调了新型替代方法，包括生物防治剂，用于病害控制，以促进环境友好型和可持续农业实践。
