Chrustek Agnieszka, Dombrowska-Pali Agnieszka, Olszewska-Słonina Dorota, Wiktorczyk-Kapischke Natalia, Socha Maciej W, Budzyńska Anna, Sadowska-Krawczenko Iwona
Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, M. Curie-Skłodowska 9 St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Department of Perinatology, Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Łukasiewicza 1 St., 85-821 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Biology (Basel). 2025 Mar 25;14(4):332. doi: 10.3390/biology14040332.
The human milk (HM) microbiome is variable and depends on maternal, perinatal, and cultural-environmental factors. The diversity of the HM microbiome is crucial in the development of the child. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of bacteria (using culture-based methods) of Polish women with normal BMI, giving birth on time through vaginal delivery.
The research material consisted of human milk and swabs from the areola and nipple, before and after breastfeeding, derived from Polish women ( = 86). Classic culture methods were used to obtain multiple bacteria. Species identification of the grown colonies was performed using MALDI TOF MS (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry).
120 species of bacteria were isolated, mainly from the genus and . Species specific only to human milk were identified (belonging to the following genera: , , , , , , , ) as well as species specific only to areola and nipple swabs after breastfeeding , , , ). It was confirmed that most species were present in all tested materials collected from one patient.
The analysis carried out showed the presence of bacteria in the human milk of Polish women, including strains of lactic acid bacteria. The human milk microbiota may significantly influence the formation of the infant's intestinal microbiota, including some key genera, i.e., , , and , which were also isolated from the tested samples. The data presented here provide new data on culturable bacterial species isolated from breast milk from Polish women giving birth via vaginal delivery and potential routes of transmission from the neonate's oral cavity.
人乳微生物群是可变的，取决于母亲、围产期和文化环境因素。人乳微生物群的多样性对儿童发育至关重要。本研究的目的是评估体重指数正常、经阴道顺产的波兰女性的细菌（采用基于培养的方法）流行情况。
研究材料包括来自波兰女性（n = 86）母乳喂养前后的人乳以及乳晕和乳头拭子。采用经典培养方法获取多种细菌。使用基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI TOF MS）对生长的菌落进行物种鉴定。
分离出120种细菌，主要来自葡萄球菌属和链球菌属。鉴定出仅存在于人乳中的特定物种（属于以下属：乳杆菌属、双歧杆菌属、丙酸杆菌属、葡萄球菌属、棒状杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属、肠球菌属、韦荣球菌属）以及仅存在于母乳喂养后乳晕和乳头拭子中的特定物种（不动杆菌属、寡养单胞菌属、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌属）。证实大多数物种存在于从一名患者收集的所有测试材料中。
所进行的分析表明波兰女性的人乳中存在细菌，包括乳酸菌菌株。人乳微生物群可能会显著影响婴儿肠道微生物群的形成，包括一些关键属，即双歧杆菌属、乳杆菌属和葡萄球菌属，这些也从测试样本中分离出来。此处呈现的数据提供了关于从经阴道分娩的波兰女性母乳中分离出的可培养细菌物种以及从新生儿口腔传播的潜在途径的新数据。
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