Szyfter Krzysztof, Gawęcki Wojciech, Szyfter Witold
Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan, Poland.
Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland.
J Clin Med. 2025 Apr 17;14(8):2789. doi: 10.3390/jcm14082789.
The Universal Neonatal Hearing Screening (UNHS) program is crucial for the early detection and treatment of hearing impairment in newborns. Poland has successfully implemented a nationwide UNHS program, adhering to international standards. Research indicates that hearing loss affects approximately 2-4 per 1000 infants, with sensorineural hearing loss being the most prevalent. Major risk factors include genetic alterations, craniofacial anomalies, prematurity, hyperbilirubinemia, and congenital infections such as cytomegalovirus. Despite the program's success, challenges related to limited parental awareness and disparities in access highlight the need for continuous improvement in screening and follow-up procedures. Additionally, gene therapy is emerging as a promising treatment for hearing loss. While still experimental, gene therapy could become a key complementary treatment option in the future, offering new hope for those with hearing impairments.
新生儿听力普遍筛查（UNHS）项目对于新生儿听力障碍的早期发现和治疗至关重要。波兰已成功实施了一项符合国际标准的全国性UNHS项目。研究表明，每1000名婴儿中约有2 - 4名受听力损失影响，其中感音神经性听力损失最为常见。主要风险因素包括基因改变、颅面畸形、早产、高胆红素血症以及先天性感染，如巨细胞病毒感染。尽管该项目取得了成功，但与家长意识有限和获取机会不平等相关的挑战凸显了筛查和后续程序持续改进的必要性。此外，基因治疗正在成为一种有前景的听力损失治疗方法。虽然仍处于实验阶段，但基因治疗未来可能成为关键的辅助治疗选择，为听力障碍患者带来新的希望。
