Pinheiro-Lustosa Romário, Gondim-Pereira Neide Maria Silva, Alves Sarah Aparecida Dos Santos, Takiya Christina Maeda, Silva-Alves Kerly Shamyra da, Pinheiro Ana Acacia Sá, Coelho-de-Souza Andrelina Noronha, Moreira-Gomes Maria Diana, Caruso-Neves Celso, Leal-Cardoso José Henrique
Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza 60714-903, Brazil.
Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025 Apr 8;18(4):541. doi: 10.3390/ph18040541.
Anethole, a terpenoid with several pharmacologic effects, is the major constituent of the essential oil of (EOCz), Pax & K. Hoffm, Euphorbiaceae. Due to the mild renal toxicity associated with high doses of EOCz, its potential therapeutic effects on several diseases, and the fact that its chemical composition consists of 80% anethole, the renal effects of anethole in mice were investigated. Mice were randomly divided into eight groups, dosed daily as follows: Group 1-CTRL (control; vehicle only); Groups 2-A100, 3-A125, and 4-A250 (dosed with 100, 125 twice daily, and 250 mg/kg, anethole); Group 5-AKI (i.p. albumin to induce hyperproteinemia and proteinuria; subclinical acute kidney injury); and Groups 6-AKI+A100, 7-AKI+A125, and 8-AKI+A250 ( anethole + i.p. albumin). The A125 and A250 groups significantly increased urinary proteinuria and interstitial inflammation ( < 0.001, for these groups). AKI+A100, AKI+A125, and AKI+A250 showed a neither protective nor additive effect in the proteinuria induced by anethole and by administered albumin. The anethole-induced proteinuria was spontaneously reversible in approximately 4 weeks. In vitro experiments showed that anethole (300 µg/mL) inhibits albumin uptake from the culture medium by tubular cells. Anethole at high doses bears renal acute toxicity that, although mild and spontaneously fully reversible, must be taken into consideration in a cost-benefit analysis.
茴香脑是一种具有多种药理作用的萜类化合物，是大戟科植物（EOCz）（Pax & K. Hoffm）挥发油的主要成分。由于高剂量EOCz具有轻度肾毒性，其对多种疾病的潜在治疗作用，以及其化学成分80%为茴香脑这一事实，因此对茴香脑在小鼠体内的肾脏作用进行了研究。将小鼠随机分为八组，每日给药如下：第1组为CTRL（对照组；仅给予溶剂）；第2组为A100、第3组为A125、第4组为A250（分别每日两次给予100、125和250 mg/kg茴香脑）；第5组为AKI（腹腔注射白蛋白以诱导高蛋白血症和蛋白尿；亚临床急性肾损伤）；第6组为AKI+A100、第7组为AKI+A125、第8组为AKI+A250（茴香脑 + 腹腔注射白蛋白）。A125组和A250组显著增加了尿蛋白和间质炎症（这两组P<0.001）。AKI+A100、AKI+A125和AKI+A250组在茴香脑和白蛋白诱导的蛋白尿方面既无保护作用也无相加作用。茴香脑诱导的蛋白尿在约4周内可自发逆转。体外实验表明，茴香脑（300 µg/mL）可抑制肾小管细胞从培养基中摄取白蛋白。高剂量茴香脑具有肾脏急性毒性，尽管毒性轻微且可完全自发逆转，但在成本效益分析中必须予以考虑。
