Kumar Manish, Yan Yang, Jiang Luhan, Sze Ching-Ho, Kodithuwakku Suranga P, Yeung William S B, Lee Kai-Fai
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
Microorganisms. 2025 Apr 7;13(4):844. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms13040844.
Microorganisms play an important role in regulating various biological processes in our bodies. In women, abnormal changes in the reproductive tract microbiome are associated with various gynecological diseases and infertility. Recent studies suggest that patients with recurrent implantation failure (RIF) have a reduced genus population, a predominant bacterial species in the vagina and uterus that protects the reproductive tract from pathogenic bacterial growth via the production of various metabolites (e.g., lactic acid, bacteriocin, and HO). Moreover, a higher percentage of pathogenic bacteria genera, including , , , , and , was found in the uterus of RIF patients. This review aimed to examine the role of pathogenic bacteria in RIF, determine the factors altering the endometrial microbiome, and assess the impact of the microbiome on embryo implantation in RIF. Several factors can influence microbial balance, including the impact of extrinsic elements such as semen and antibiotics, which can lead to dysbiosis in the female reproductive tract and affect implantation. Additionally, probiotics such as were reported to have clinical potential in RIF patients. Future studies are needed to develop targeted probiotic therapies to restore microbial balance and enhance fertility outcomes. Research should also focus on understanding the mechanisms by which microorganisms generate metabolites to suppress pathogenic bacteria for embryo implantation. Identifying these interactions may contribute to innovative microbiome-based interventions for reproductive health.
微生物在调节我们身体的各种生物过程中发挥着重要作用。在女性中，生殖道微生物群的异常变化与各种妇科疾病和不孕症有关。最近的研究表明，反复种植失败（RIF）患者的属种群减少，属是阴道和子宫中的主要细菌种类，通过产生各种代谢物（如乳酸、细菌素和HO）保护生殖道免受病原菌生长的影响。此外，在RIF患者的子宫中发现了更高比例的病原菌属，包括、、、和。本综述旨在研究病原菌在RIF中的作用，确定改变子宫内膜微生物群的因素，并评估微生物群对RIF患者胚胎着床的影响。几个因素可以影响微生物平衡，包括精液和抗生素等外在因素的影响，这可能导致女性生殖道生态失调并影响着床。此外，据报道，如等益生菌对RIF患者具有临床潜力。未来需要开展研究以开发有针对性的益生菌疗法，以恢复微生物平衡并提高生育结局。研究还应侧重于了解微生物产生代谢物以抑制病原菌从而实现胚胎着床的机制。识别这些相互作用可能有助于开展基于微生物群的创新生殖健康干预措施。
