Short-term mortality prognosis in spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage: A retrospective study at 115 People's Hospital, HCMC, Vietnam.

BACKGROUND

Early prognosis of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) can help create individualized and optimized treatment plans for the patients.

AIMS

This study evaluates short-term mortality and identifies risk factors in ICH patients at 115 People's Hospital within 30 days.

DESIGN AND METHODS

A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 598 patients diagnosed with ICH by neurologists from December 2022 to June 2023. Diagnosis was confirmed by imaging, with symptoms appearing within 24 h of admission. Short-term mortality was defined as death within 30 days of onset.

RESULTS

Among the 598 patients (mean age 58.4; 40% female), 110 (18.4%) died, while 488 (81.6%) survived. The ICH score (AUC = 95.75%;  < 0.001; optimal cutoff = 1.5) was more prognostic for mortality than the NIHSS score (AUC = 94.61%; optimal cutoff = 17.5;  < 0.001). Identified risk factors included age ≥ 80 (RR = 2.2,  = 0.002), ICH score ≥ 2 (RR = 38.4,  < 0.001), NIHSS score ≥ 16 (RR = 15.1,  < 0.001), hematoma volume ≥ 30 cm (RR = 15.1,  < 0.001), and the presence of intraventricular (RR = 7.2,  < 0.001) or subtentorial hemorrhage (RR = 2.8,  < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

The mortality rate for ICH was significant. The ICH score, NIHSS, and hematoma volume are effective in predicting mortality in spontaneous ICH patients.