Yang Meng-Jiao, Zhang Li, Zhou Yu, Yang Chun, Shi Xiang
Blood Transfusion Department, Shuangliu District First People's Hospital/Sichuan University West China Airport Hospital, Chengdu 610200, Sichuan Province, China.
Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command， Chengdu 610083， Sichuan Province, China.
Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 2025 Apr;33(2):520-525. doi: 10.19746/j.cnki.issn.1009-2137.2025.02.031.
To analyze the origin and influencing factors the titer of ABO blood group antibody in neonates.
A total of 303 newborn blood samples collected in our hospital from August 2023 to March 2024 were selected for the detection of ABO blood group settings and the determination of the total titers of IgG and IgM blood group antibodies in plasma. IgM antibodies were treated with dithithreitol (DTT) to determine the titers of IgG antibodies. The total titer of the blood group antibody was compared with that of the IgG antibody. The clinical data of mothers and newborns were collected, and the correlation between the antibody titer and these clinical data was analyzed.
Among the 303 newborn specimens, 14 cases (4.62%) were identified to possess blood group antibodies. The influence of the maternal ABO blood group on the generation of high-potency blood group antibodies in newborns was observed to follow the order of O>B>A>AB, with a significant statistical difference ( < 0.01). Of the 123 (40.59%) newborns born to mothers of type O, 121 (98.37%) had blood group antibody titers > 2. Of the 20 (6.60%) newborns born to mothers of type AB, all 20 (100.00%) had blood group antibody titers < 2. Among 89 (29.37%) mothers of type A and 71 (23.43%) mothers of type B, the titer of 100% newborn blood group antibody was less than 2, when the newborn blood group was incompatible with the mother's blood group; the titer of the newborn blood type antibody was higher or lower, when the newborn blood type was compatible with the mother's blood type. The titer of the newborn blood group antibodies is related to the number of pregnancies of the mothers and has no association with other clinical data (such as the mother's number of obortions), the number of production, fetal gestation age.
The majority of ABO blood group antibodies in neonates are IgG antibodies from the mothers, and few are produced by the neonates themselves. In some neonates, IgG anti-A and/or anti-B can agglutinate with anti-stereotyped cells at room temperature. The maternal ABO blood type is the primary factor influencing the titer of the newborn blood type. The number of maternal pregnancies is a factor affecting the high titer ABO blood group antibodies in newborns.
分析新生儿ABO血型抗体效价的来源及影响因素。
选取2023年8月至2024年3月在我院采集的303例新生儿血样，检测ABO血型定型及血浆中IgG和IgM血型抗体的总效价。IgM抗体用二硫苏糖醇（DTT）处理以测定IgG抗体效价。比较血型抗体总效价与IgG抗体效价。收集母亲和新生儿的临床资料，分析抗体效价与这些临床资料的相关性。
303例新生儿标本中，14例（4.62%）被鉴定为有血型抗体。观察到母亲ABO血型对新生儿高效价血型抗体产生的影响顺序为O>B>A>AB，差异有统计学意义（<0.01）。母亲为O型的123例（40.59%）新生儿中，121例（98.37%）血型抗体效价>2。母亲为AB型的20例（6.60%）新生儿中，20例（100.00%）血型抗体效价均<2。母亲为A型的89例（29.37%）和母亲为B型的71例（23.43%）中，当新生儿血型与母亲血型不相合时，100%新生儿血型抗体效价<2；当新生儿血型与母亲血型相合时，新生儿血型抗体效价有高有低。新生儿血型抗体效价与母亲的妊娠次数有关，与其他临床资料（如母亲流产次数）、生产次数、胎儿孕周无关。
新生儿ABO血型抗体多数为来自母亲的IgG抗体，少数由新生儿自身产生。部分新生儿的IgG抗A和/或抗B在室温下可与定型细胞发生凝集。母亲ABO血型是影响新生儿血型效价的主要因素。母亲妊娠次数是影响新生儿高滴度ABO血型抗体的因素。
