Nie Ping, Wang Minghua, Mo Yan, Zhou Hong, Zha Qingbing, Lash Gendie E, Li Ping
Department of Pathology, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
Department of Pathology, Longgang District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
Front Pharmacol. 2025 Apr 22;16:1526709. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1526709. eCollection 2025.
Metformin, the most widely used anti-diabetic drug, has been demonstrated to exert various effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and cardioprotective properties. Due to its affordability and low toxicity profile, metformin is increasingly used to prevent or treat a wide range of gynecological disorders, as evidenced by epidemiological studies, clinical trials, and animal and studies. Trial findings for non-cancer conditions such as endometriosis, premature ovarian failure (POF), and uterine fibroids remain controversial and insufficient. However, most current clinical trials for polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and gynecological malignancies are ongoing phase II-III trials. The pharmacological effects of metformin have been shown to target the insulin-like growth factor (IGF), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, MAPK, NF-κB, and other signal transduction pathways, highlighting its potential in the treatment of gynecological disorders. In this review, we discuss the biological impacts of metformin and the mechanisms of action pertinent to the treatment of different gynecological disorders.
二甲双胍是使用最广泛的抗糖尿病药物，已被证明具有多种作用，包括抗氧化、抗炎、抗肿瘤和心脏保护特性。由于其价格低廉且毒性较低，流行病学研究、临床试验以及动物和体外研究表明，二甲双胍越来越多地用于预防或治疗各种妇科疾病。对于子宫内膜异位症、卵巢早衰（POF）和子宫肌瘤等非癌症疾病的试验结果仍存在争议且证据不足。然而，目前大多数针对多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）和妇科恶性肿瘤的临床试验正处于II-III期。二甲双胍的药理作用已显示靶向胰岛素样生长因子（IGF）、AMP激活蛋白激酶（AMPK）、磷脂酰肌醇3激酶（PI3K）/AKT、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）、核因子κB（NF-κB）和其他信号转导通路，突出了其在治疗妇科疾病方面的潜力。在本综述中，我们讨论了二甲双胍的生物学影响以及与治疗不同妇科疾病相关的作用机制。
