Alcendor Donald J, Matthews-Juarez Patricia, Tabatabai Mohammad, Wilus Derek, Hildreth James E K, Juarez Paul D
Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Physiology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208-3599, USA.
Department of Family & Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, 1005 D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208-3501, USA.
Pathogens. 2025 Mar 25;14(4):311. doi: 10.3390/pathogens14040311.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the US and the world. Infection with high-risk oncogenic HPV strains has been shown to induce cellular transformation leading to anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. The HPV vaccine, first developed in 2006 for females aged 9-26 years, has been demonstrated to be safe and effective in preventing 90% of all HPV-associated cancers. However, vaccine hesitancy, misinformation, and barriers to vaccine access has resulted in suboptimal vaccination rates among adolescent populations, especially in rural communities in the South. HPV vaccine coverage in Tennessee is currently below the national average and below the Healthy People 2030 goal of an 80% vaccination rate for individuals 13-17 years old based on recommendation guidelines for up-to-date HPV vaccination status as of 2022. HPV vaccination rates for Tennesseans with private insurance in 2022 were 68% and 38% for those that were uninsured. Up-to-date HPV vaccination rates in 2022 for Tennesseans were 58% and 46% for those living in urban communities and rural communities, respectively. Overall, HPV-associated cancers rates are higher in Tennessee, at 12.9/100,000 compared to the overall rate in the US of 11.8/100,000 persons in 2022. Interventions to improve HPV vaccine awareness, education, and access could improve vaccine confidence and uptake, especially among rural and uninsured populations in Tennessee. Most recently, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) expanded recommendations for HPV vaccinations for some individuals aged 27-45 years who were not vaccinated at a younger age, with shared clinical decision making. Further research is needed to evaluate the impact of this recommendation on HPV vaccination rates and cancer prevention in Tennessee.
人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）是美国乃至全球最常见的性传播感染。研究表明，感染高危致癌性HPV毒株会诱发细胞转化，进而导致肛门生殖器癌和口咽癌。HPV疫苗于2006年首次研发，适用于9至26岁的女性，已被证明在预防90%的HPV相关癌症方面安全有效。然而，疫苗犹豫、错误信息以及疫苗获取障碍导致青少年群体的疫苗接种率不理想，尤其是在南部的农村社区。田纳西州的HPV疫苗接种覆盖率目前低于全国平均水平，也低于《健康人民2030》设定的目标，即根据截至2022年的最新HPV疫苗接种状况推荐指南，13至17岁人群的疫苗接种率达到80%。2022年，田纳西州有私人保险的人群HPV疫苗接种率为68%，无保险人群的接种率为38%。2022年，田纳西州城市社区和农村社区居民的最新HPV疫苗接种率分别为58%和46%。总体而言，田纳西州HPV相关癌症的发病率更高，2022年为12.9/10万，而美国的总体发病率为11.8/10万人。改善HPV疫苗认知、教育和获取途径的干预措施可以提高疫苗接种信心和接种率，尤其是在田纳西州的农村和无保险人群中。最近，免疫实践咨询委员会（ACIP）扩大了对一些27至45岁未在年轻时接种疫苗的人群的HPV疫苗接种建议，并进行共同的临床决策。需要进一步研究来评估这一建议对田纳西州HPV疫苗接种率和癌症预防的影响。
