Kato Laban, Sembera Jackson, Oluka Gerald Kevin, Katende Joseph Ssebwana, Bemanzi Juliana, Ankunda Violet, Ejou Peter, Kurshan Ashwini, Graham Carl, Seow Jeffrey, Doores Katie J, Malim Michael H, Fox Julie M, Kaleebu Pontiano, Serwanga Jennifer
Viral Pathogens Research Theme, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI & LSHTM) Research Unit, Entebbe 49, Uganda.
Department of Immunology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe 49, Uganda.
Vaccines (Basel). 2025 Mar 21;13(4):336. doi: 10.3390/vaccines13040336.
: The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic revealed stark variability in clinical outcomes across populations, underscoring the need for region-tailored vaccination strategies. To inform standardised global immunisation efforts, this study compared longitudinal binding antibody responses and neutralisation capacities in mild COVID-19 cases from Uganda and the United Kingdom (UK). : IgG responses to spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins, along with IgM responses to S and receptor-binding domain (RBD) proteins, were assessed in 29 Ugandan and 14 UK participants over 84 and 82 days, respectively. Antibody levels were quantified using a validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), alongside pseudovirus neutralisation assays targeting the D614G variant. : Ugandan participants exhibited higher early IgG and IgM levels, particularly against spike and RBD, with a rapid onset of responses that waned quickly. UK participants showed a slower but sustained increase in IgG and IgM levels. Neutralisation titres revealed elevated responses in 16.4% of Ugandan participants (>2000) compared to 4.5% of UK participants, suggesting a greater sensitivity to viral neutralisation. Conversely, 31.8% of UK participants exhibited low titres (<25) compared to 14.8% of Ugandan participants, indicating differences in resistance mechanisms. Neutralisation correlated strongly with spike and receptor-binding domain IgG in the UK cohort but showed weaker correlations in Ugandan participants. : These findings highlight distinct population-level immune responses, suggesting that geographic factors shaped the quality and durability of SARS-CoV-2 immunity. Tailored vaccination strategies are essential to optimise immunity across diverse populations and improve global epidemic preparedness.
全球新冠病毒大流行揭示了不同人群临床结果的显著差异，凸显了制定因地制宜的疫苗接种策略的必要性。为了为全球标准化免疫工作提供参考，本研究比较了来自乌干达和英国的轻症新冠病例的纵向结合抗体反应和中和能力。分别在29名乌干达参与者和14名英国参与者中评估了84天和82天内针对刺突（S）蛋白和核衣壳（N）蛋白的IgG反应，以及针对S蛋白和受体结合域（RBD）蛋白的IgM反应。使用经过验证的酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）对抗体水平进行定量，并同时进行针对D614G变体的假病毒中和测定。乌干达参与者表现出更高的早期IgG和IgM水平，尤其是针对刺突和RBD的抗体，反应迅速开始但迅速减弱。英国参与者的IgG和IgM水平则上升较慢但持续增加。中和滴度显示，16.4%的乌干达参与者（>2000）反应升高，而英国参与者中这一比例为4.5%，这表明乌干达参与者对病毒中和的敏感性更高。相反，31.8%的英国参与者滴度较低（<25），而乌干达参与者中这一比例为14.8%，这表明两者在抵抗机制上存在差异。在英国队列中，中和与刺突和受体结合域IgG密切相关，但在乌干达参与者中相关性较弱。这些发现突出了不同人群水平的免疫反应，表明地理因素塑造了新冠病毒免疫力的质量和持久性。量身定制的疫苗接种策略对于优化不同人群的免疫力和提高全球疫情防范能力至关重要。
