自噬非依赖性的ATG9A囊泡作为半乳糖凝集素-9分泌载体的作用

Autophagy-independent role of ATG9A vesicles as carriers for galectin-9 secretion.

作者信息

Zhang Wenting, Ji Cuicui, Li Xianghua, He Tianlong, Jiang Wei, Liu Yukun, Wu Meiling, Zhao Yunpeng, Chen Xuechai, Wang Xiaoli, Li Jian, Zhang Haolin, Wang Juan

机构信息

College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China.

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.

出版信息

Nat Commun. 2025 May 7;16(1):4259. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-59605-5.

Abstract

Galectins play vital roles in cellular processes such as adhesion, communication, and survival, yet the mechanisms underlying their unconventional secretion remain poorly understood. This study identifies ATG9A, a core autophagy protein, as a key regulator of galectin-9 secretion via a mechanism independent of classical autophagy, secretory autophagy, or the LC3-dependent extracellular vesicle loading and secretion pathway. ATG9A vesicles function as specialized carriers, with the N-terminus of ATG9A and both carbohydrate recognition domains of galectin-9 being critical for the process. TMED10 mediates the incorporation of galectin-9 into ATG9A vesicles, which then fuse with the plasma membrane via the STX13-SNAP23-VAMP3 SNARE complex. Furthermore, ATG9A regulates the secretion of other proteins, including galectin-4, galectin-8, and annexin A6, but not IL-1β, galectin-3, or FGF2. This mechanism is potentially conserved across other cell types, including monocytic cells, which underscores its broader significance in unconventional protein secretion.

摘要

半乳糖凝集素在细胞黏附、通讯和存活等细胞过程中发挥着至关重要的作用,然而其非传统分泌的潜在机制仍知之甚少。本研究确定了一种核心自噬蛋白ATG9A,它是半乳糖凝集素-9分泌的关键调节因子,其作用机制独立于经典自噬、分泌自噬或LC3依赖性细胞外囊泡装载和分泌途径。ATG9A囊泡作为特殊的载体发挥作用,ATG9A的N末端和半乳糖凝集素-9的两个碳水化合物识别结构域对这一过程至关重要。TMED10介导半乳糖凝集素-9掺入ATG9A囊泡,然后通过STX13-SNAP23-VAMP3 SNARE复合体与质膜融合。此外,ATG9A调节其他蛋白质的分泌,包括半乳糖凝集素-4、半乳糖凝集素-8和膜联蛋白A6,但不调节IL-1β、半乳糖凝集素-3或FGF2。这种机制可能在包括单核细胞在内的其他细胞类型中保守,这突出了其在非传统蛋白质分泌中的更广泛意义。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/864c/12059159/9d0c4167c00a/41467_2025_59605_Fig1_HTML.jpg

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