Evaluation of camelthorn (Alhagi maurorum) as a feed replacement for Alfalfa hay on ram reproductive performance.

Sustainable livestock production in arid and semi-arid regions faces significant challenges due to climate change, water scarcity, and limited feed resources. This study aimed to assess the potential of Camelthorn (CT), a drought-tolerant plant, as an alternative feed source to support the growth and reproductive performance of rams in such challenging climatic conditions. Fifteen sexually mature rams were randomly assigned to three dietary groups and fed a basal diet for 75 days, with alfalfa hay replaced by 0%, 50%, or 100% CT. Semen was collected at 15-day intervals, and seminal parameters, including volume, motility, membrane integrity, viability, concentration, and morphology, were evaluated. Additionally, oxidative stress assays were conducted on seminal plasma, while body weight, scrotal circumference, and plasma testosterone levels were assessed throughout the study period. Results showed that dietary replacement of alfalfa hay with 50% or 100% CT had no significant impact on the evaluated seminal parameters, antioxidant levels, body weight, scrotal circumference, or testosterone levels compared to the control group (P > 0.05). These findings support the potential of CT as a viable alternative to alfalfa hay for livestock feed in arid/semi-arid regions. However, further research is needed to fully assess the long-term impacts of CT on animal health and reproductive performance.