Rani Mohammad Hasanuzzaman, Hasibuzzaman Abu Sayeed Md, Begum Shamsun Nahar
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymenbsingh, Bangladesh.
Int J Radiat Biol. 2025;101(7):761-774. doi: 10.1080/09553002.2025.2498982. Epub 2025 May 9.
In Bangladesh, Chinigura and Kataribhog stand out as two of the most popular short-grained aromatic rice cultivars, particularly in the northern regions. Their unique grain characteristics and delightful fragrance make them highly sought after. However, these cultivars suffer from low yield potential (<2.5 t/ha) and are prone to lodging due to their tall plant height (>140 cm). The narrow genetic base and hybrid sterility issues with non-scented rice varieties make improving these cultivars through traditional breeding methods challenging. We applied induced mutation to these cultivars to address these challenges and enhance the yield potential and lodging tolerance.
To induce mutations, we exposed Chinigura and Kataribhog dry seeds with a moisture content of 12% to gamma rays at five doses: 100, 200, 250, 300, and 400 Gy. We conducted the process in a controlled environment with strict safety measures to ensure our safety and that of the environment. Putative mutants with shorter plant height and growth duration were isolated from the segregating M population, and then the putative mutants were validated in the M and M generations. Finally, we conducted a replicated yield trial with 21 selected mutants.
Our study revealed that the Kataribhog cultivar was more responsive to gamma irradiation than Chinigura. The 250 Gy irradiated Kataribhog population exhibited the highest mutation frequency. We validated the mutants selected from the M population based on plant height and growth duration in the M and M generations. Ten mutants from Chinigura and 11 from the Kataribhog population, selected from the M generation, were advanced to the replicated trial. These mutants exhibited semi-dwarfism, lodging resistance, higher grain yield, and aromatic properties. Ultimately, we successfully identified 12 semi-dwarf lodging resistant, seven with higher grain yield, and three aromatic mutants for the subsequent breeding programs, demonstrating the effectiveness of induced mutation in creating desired traits.
First, the report will discuss the development of semi-dwarf mutants in Chinigura and Kataribhog aromatic rice cultivars through gamma irradiation.
在孟加拉国，Chinigura和Kataribhog是两个最受欢迎的短粒香稻品种，尤其在北部地区。它们独特的谷粒特性和宜人的香气使其备受追捧。然而，这些品种产量潜力低（<2.5吨/公顷），且由于株高较高（>140厘米）容易倒伏。非香稻品种狭窄的遗传基础和杂种不育问题使得通过传统育种方法改良这些品种具有挑战性。我们对这些品种应用诱变来应对这些挑战并提高产量潜力和抗倒伏能力。
为诱导突变，我们将含水量为12%的Chinigura和Kataribhog干种子用五种剂量的伽马射线照射：100、200、250、300和400戈瑞。我们在有严格安全措施的受控环境中进行该过程，以确保我们自身及环境的安全。从分离的M群体中分离出株高和生育期较短的推定突变体，然后在M1和M2代对推定突变体进行验证。最后，我们对21个选定的突变体进行了重复产量试验。
我们的研究表明，Kataribhog品种比Chinigura对伽马辐射更敏感。250戈瑞照射的Kataribhog群体表现出最高的突变频率。我们在M1和M2代基于株高和生育期对从M2群体中选出的突变体进行了验证。从M2代选出的来自Chinigura的10个突变体和来自Kataribhog群体的11个突变体进入重复试验。这些突变体表现出半矮化、抗倒伏、更高的籽粒产量和香气特性。最终，我们成功鉴定出12个半矮化抗倒伏、7个籽粒产量较高和3个香气突变体用于后续育种计划，证明了诱变在创造所需性状方面的有效性。
首先，本报告将讨论通过伽马辐射在Chinigura和Kataribhog香稻品种中培育半矮化突变体的情况。
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