Chen Jiatong, Yang Yuechao, Luan Shuang, Xu Wenhao, Gao Yang
Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
J Transl Med. 2025 May 9;23(1):528. doi: 10.1186/s12967-025-06510-6.
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are ectopic lymphoid formations that develop in chronically inflamed tissues, including various solid tumours. In the context of gliomas, the presence of TLSs has recently attracted considerable attention because of their potential implications in tumour immunology and therapy. The tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) plays a crucial role in cancer progression, and tumour-infiltrating immune cells (TILs) are key players in this environment. These immune cell aggregates, known as TLSs, display distinct characteristics across different solid tumours. However, central nervous system (CNS) tumours are highly heterogeneous, and the immune environment within these tumours is often more deficient than that of peripheral tissue tumours. This leads to differences in the formation and function of TLSs in CNS tumours. These variations are particularly relevant in the context of glioma immunotherapy and could have important implications for treatment strategies. This review focuses on the composition and function of TLSs, examines the complexity of the glioblastoma (GBM) immune microenvironment, and highlights the unique characteristics of TLSs in GBM, providing new theoretical insights and practical foundations for targeting TLSs in glioma immunotherapy.
三级淋巴结构（TLSs）是在包括各种实体瘤在内的慢性炎症组织中形成的异位淋巴组织。在胶质瘤的背景下，TLSs的存在最近因其在肿瘤免疫学和治疗中的潜在影响而备受关注。肿瘤免疫微环境（TIME）在癌症进展中起着关键作用，肿瘤浸润免疫细胞（TILs）是这一环境中的关键参与者。这些被称为TLSs的免疫细胞聚集体在不同实体瘤中表现出不同的特征。然而，中枢神经系统（CNS）肿瘤高度异质性，这些肿瘤内的免疫环境往往比外周组织肿瘤更缺乏。这导致了CNS肿瘤中TLSs的形成和功能存在差异。这些差异在胶质瘤免疫治疗中尤为相关，可能对治疗策略具有重要意义。本综述重点关注TLSs的组成和功能，探讨胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）免疫微环境的复杂性，并强调GBM中TLSs的独特特征，为胶质瘤免疫治疗中靶向TLSs提供新的理论见解和实践基础。
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