Epidemiology of Pediatric Restless Leg Syndrome.

Pediatric Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)/Willis Ekbom Disease is prevalent at around 2% with onset around the end of first decade. There is a strong genetic predisposition and no gender preference till late adolescence, with a female preponderance beyond that. Insomnia-like symptoms, periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD), and excessive daytime sleepiness are significantly associated causing impaired cognition and behavior. RLS can be associated with chronic kidney disease, celiac disease, migraine, and pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis. A close clinical differential is growing pains. Case definitions need to be refined and prospective studies with relevant serum and radiologic biomarkers need planning.