The impact of postoperative pain interventions on circadian rhythm disruptions: mechanisms and clinical implications.

Postoperative pain is a prevalent clinical issue that significantly impacts patient recovery, making its management crucial for rehabilitation. Recent studies have shown that postoperative pain not only affects the physiological state of patients but may also disrupt their circadian rhythms, leading to decreased sleep quality and physiological dysfunctions. This review aims to explore the effects of postoperative pain interventions on circadian rhythm disturbances, analyze the underlying mechanisms, and summarize the effective strategies currently used in clinical practice. Through a comprehensive analysis of the relevant literature, we will highlight the importance of pain management during the recovery process and emphasize its potential role in regulating circadian rhythms. Pharmacological treatments like NSAIDs and melatonin have shown efficacy in regulating circadian rhythms and improving sleep quality in postoperative patients. Multimodal analgesia combining pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods (e.g., CBT, acupuncture) can optimize pain relief while minimizing side effects. However, further research is needed to clarify the bidirectional relationship between pain perception and circadian rhythms and translate these findings into clinical practice.