Wan Linjing, Di Xiaodong
School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, China.
Healthcare (Basel). 2025 May 7;13(9):1086. doi: 10.3390/healthcare13091086.
Population aging has become a common concern worldwide. At present, the aging rate of China far exceeds the international standard, and the rural population in China faces a more obvious aging problem. With the increasing number of the older population, the demand for elderly care services is constantly diversified, and the homogenized service supply in rural areas fails to effectively meet the service needs of older adults. This study employs a multi-stage stratified sampling method to survey rural older adults in Shaanxi, Hebei and Jiangsu provinces (n = 803, effective response rate > 95%). The dependent variable is categorized into four levels: no, mild, moderate and severe demands. Independent variables include demographic characteristics (age and gender), predisposing factors (education and marital status), enabling resources (income and family support) and need factors (health status). In the survey, the questionnaire survey method is adopted, and a multinomial logistic regression model is used to analyze the factors influencing the demand degree for elderly care services in rural areas. Regression analysis indicates that pension level exerts a significant influence on the demand intensity for medical care, entertainment and spiritual comfort services. Family support is significantly associated with the demand intensity for medical care and spiritual comfort services. This study reveals that the pension level of elderly adults in rural areas is a key factor affecting the demand degree for elderly care services. The influence of family support on the demand for elderly care services should not be underestimated. Older adults in rural areas have a high demand for medical care services. A gap remains between elderly care service resources and the needs of older adults in rural areas of China. The government should pay attention to allocating and optimizing elderly care service resources to meet the needs of older adults.
人口老龄化已成为全球共同关注的问题。目前，中国的老龄化速度远超国际标准，且中国农村人口面临更为明显的老龄化问题。随着老年人口数量的增加，对养老服务的需求不断多样化，而农村地区同质化的服务供给无法有效满足老年人的服务需求。本研究采用多阶段分层抽样方法，对陕西、河北和江苏省的农村老年人进行调查（n = 803，有效回复率>95%）。因变量分为四个等级：无需求、轻度需求、中度需求和重度需求。自变量包括人口统计学特征（年龄和性别）、 predisposing因素（教育程度和婚姻状况）、促成资源（收入和家庭支持）以及需求因素（健康状况）。在调查中，采用问卷调查法，并使用多项逻辑回归模型分析影响农村地区养老服务需求程度的因素。回归分析表明，养老金水平对医疗、娱乐和精神慰藉服务的需求强度有显著影响。家庭支持与医疗和精神慰藉服务的需求强度显著相关。本研究表明，农村老年人的养老金水平是影响养老服务需求程度的关键因素。家庭支持对养老服务需求的影响不容小觑。农村老年人对医疗服务有较高需求。中国农村地区的养老服务资源与老年人的需求之间仍存在差距。政府应重视养老服务资源的分配和优化，以满足老年人的需求。
