Bennett P H
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1985;189:17-29. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4757-1850-8_2.
The present classification of diabetes most widely used is that recommended by the National Diabetes Data Group and subsequently endorsed by the World Health Organization. This classification is primarily a clinical classification of diabetes because in most instances the etiology is unknown. The need for a standardized classification arose out of the recognition that diabetes was a syndrome rather than a single disease and the different terminologies which emerged. While certain types of diabetes can be classified according to specific etiology or associations with specific syndromes, the vast majority cannot. Insulin-dependent and noninsulin-dependent diabetes usually represent syndromes whose etiopathology is believed to differ and their clinical characteristics are usually distinctive. As evidence of etiological heterogeneity has increased there has been a tendency to adopt the terms Type I and Type II diabetes to indicate different etiologies, although the original usage of these terms was as a clinical classification to differentiate between insulin dependent and non-insulin-dependent disease. At present the use of the four terms to describe the common types of diabetes leads to confusion, which could readily be resolved by arriving at agreed definitions for each of these terms. While the NDDG-WHO classification has served to standardize terminology and stimulate research into the different causes of diabetes, some further refinement of the classification, together with some additional definition of terms, should be considered. The classification of diabetes most widely used at the present time is that suggested by the National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG) in the United States in 1979, which was subsequently recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Committee on Diabetes Mellitus in 1980. It should be stressed that this classification was intended to be a uniform framework for clinical and epidemiological research, and that the classification would almost certainly have to be modified on the basis of new knowledge in the future.
目前使用最广泛的糖尿病分类是由美国国家糖尿病数据组推荐并随后得到世界卫生组织认可的分类。这种分类主要是糖尿病的临床分类，因为在大多数情况下病因不明。对标准化分类的需求源于认识到糖尿病是一种综合征而非单一疾病，以及出现的不同术语。虽然某些类型的糖尿病可根据特定病因或与特定综合征的关联进行分类，但绝大多数糖尿病无法这样分类。胰岛素依赖型和非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病通常代表病因病理被认为不同且临床特征通常有差异的综合征。随着病因异质性证据的增加，人们倾向于采用I型和II型糖尿病这两个术语来表示不同病因，尽管这些术语最初的用法是作为临床分类以区分胰岛素依赖型和非胰岛素依赖型疾病。目前使用这四个术语来描述常见的糖尿病类型会导致混淆，通过为每个术语达成一致定义可以很容易地解决这个问题。虽然美国国家糖尿病数据组 - 世界卫生组织的分类有助于使术语标准化并促进对糖尿病不同病因的研究，但应考虑对该分类进行进一步细化以及对术语进行一些额外定义。目前使用最广泛的糖尿病分类是美国国家糖尿病数据组（NDDG）于1979年提出的分类，随后在1980年被世界卫生组织（WHO）糖尿病专家委员会推荐。应当强调的是，这种分类旨在成为临床和流行病学研究的统一框架，而且几乎可以肯定，未来基于新知识该分类将不得不进行修改。
