Li Shengfen, Zhang Mengxia, Gao Yuan, Zhao Can, Liao Shuxian, Zhao Xuhong, Ning Qian, Tang Shengsong
Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China.
Carcinogenesis. 2025 Apr 3;46(2). doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgaf023.
The phenomenon of tumor immune escape involves multiple mechanisms that enable tumor cells to evade recognition and assault by the host's immune system, facilitating their survival and growth within the organism. Furthermore, tumor immune escape represents a critical mechanism in tumor progression and significantly contributes to the unsuccessful outcomes of immunotherapy. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are recruited into the tumor microenvironment, serving a pivotal role in modulating tumor immune escape. An increasing body of research has demonstrated that TAMs are linked to unfavorable cancer prognosis and drug resistance. They suppress immune cell activity, hinder antigen presentation, and inhibit T cell activation, thereby helping tumor cells evade immune attacks. Consequently, elucidating the mechanisms by which TAMs promote tumor immune escape is crucial for developing novel immunotherapeutic strategies and improving the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. In terms of clinical relevance, studies on TAMs have revealed their significant roles in various types of cancer. In recent years, transformational therapies such as CSF-1R inhibitors and CD40 agonists targeting TAMs have entered clinical trials and are expected to reverse immunosuppression and enhance immunotherapy response. These studies provide new directions for improving the effectiveness of existing immunotherapies and overcoming drug resistance.
肿瘤免疫逃逸现象涉及多种机制，这些机制使肿瘤细胞能够逃避宿主免疫系统的识别和攻击，从而促进其在机体内的存活和生长。此外，肿瘤免疫逃逸是肿瘤进展中的关键机制，对免疫治疗的失败结果有显著影响。肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAM）被招募到肿瘤微环境中，在调节肿瘤免疫逃逸中起关键作用。越来越多的研究表明，TAM与不良的癌症预后和耐药性有关。它们抑制免疫细胞活性，阻碍抗原呈递，并抑制T细胞活化，从而帮助肿瘤细胞逃避免疫攻击。因此，阐明TAM促进肿瘤免疫逃逸的机制对于开发新的免疫治疗策略和提高癌症免疫治疗的疗效至关重要。在临床相关性方面，对TAM的研究揭示了它们在各种类型癌症中的重要作用。近年来，针对TAM的CSF-1R抑制剂和CD40激动剂等变革性疗法已进入临床试验，有望逆转免疫抑制并增强免疫治疗反应。这些研究为提高现有免疫疗法的有效性和克服耐药性提供了新方向。
