Chen Shan, Xu Zhimin, Yuan Binbin, Gou Xue-Ya, Ackermann Lutz
Wöhler-Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Nat Synth. 2025;4(5):655-663. doi: 10.1038/s44160-025-00745-3. Epub 2025 Feb 17.
The high fraction of -hybridized carbon atom (F ) character of cyclobutane derivatives renders them as highly promising bioisosteres for otherwise typically flat arenes. Here, to address the current needs in medicinal chemistry for F -rich molecules, we disclose a distinct strategy that exploits the merger of C-C scission in bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) with ruthenium-catalysed remote C-H functionalization of heteroarenes, affording densely substituted cyclobutanes in a chemo-controlled manner. This approach enabled the rapid and efficient synthesis of versatile tri- and tetrasubstituted cyclobutanes by coupling a wide range of mono- or disubstituted BCBs with heteroarenes and alkyl halides under mild reaction conditions, featuring ample substrate scope. The C-C/C-H functionalization was ensured by a multifunctional ruthenium(II) catalyst that enabled ruthenacycle-mediated halogen-atom transfer (Ru-XAT), as well as the selective functionalization of BCBs by strain release. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies unravelled a multi-catalysis manifold, while the C-H/C-C functionalization strategy allowed for telescoping late-stage modification.
环丁烷衍生物中高比例的(\pi)-杂化碳原子((F))特性使其成为通常为平面芳烃的极具前景的生物电子等排体。在此,为满足药物化学领域对富含(F)分子的当前需求,我们披露了一种独特策略,该策略利用双环[1.1.0]丁烷(BCB)中的(C-C)断裂与钌催化的杂芳烃远程(C-H)官能化相结合,以化学控制的方式提供密集取代的环丁烷。这种方法通过在温和反应条件下将多种单取代或双取代的BCB与杂芳烃和卤代烷偶联,实现了通用的三取代和四取代环丁烷的快速高效合成,具有广泛的底物范围。(C-C/C-H)官能化由多功能钌(II)催化剂确保,该催化剂能够实现钌环介导的卤素原子转移(Ru-XAT),以及通过应变释放对BCB进行选择性官能化。实验和计算机理研究揭示了一种多催化机制,而(C-H/C-C)官能化策略允许进行后期修饰的串联反应。