Álvarez-Gallardo Estela, Calderón García Andrea, Belinchón-deMiguel Pedro, Clemente-Suárez Vicente Javier
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Sports, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain.
Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2025 May 1;16:1522686. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1522686. eCollection 2025.
Teaching is recognized as one of the most stressful professions, often leading to negative physical and mental health outcomes.
This study aimed to analyze the relationship between stress and adiposity in teachers, considering gender differences.
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 253 teachers from compulsory and higher education during the 2022-2023 academic year. Autonomous regulation was assessed using heart rate variability, adipose tissue mass was measured with bioelectrical impedance analysis, and stress was evaluated through validated psychological questionnaires.
Men with higher adiposity exhibited lower levels of Root Mean Square of the Successive Differences (RMSSD; 34.75 ± 14.49 vs. 47.25 ± 26.75, = 0.015) and the number of pairs of intervals differing by more than 50 ms (pNN50; 12.31 ± 10.50 vs. 21.28 ± 17.96, = 0.016), with a low-frequency (LF)/high-frequency (HF) band ratio of (4.72 ± 3.62 vs. 4.84 ± 3.48), suggesting greater sympathetic activation. In contrast, women with higher adiposity showed higher values in LF, HF, and the LF/HF ratio (3.13 ± 2.60 vs. 2.42 ± 2.33, = 0.015), indicating a predominance of parasympathetic activity. Additionally, the group with a higher percentage of body fat had higher scores on the Perceived Stress Scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the State Anxiety Questionnaire, and exhibited less extroverted personalities.
we found that higher adiposity in teachers is linked to increased stress and altered autonomic regulation. Men with higher adiposity exhibited greater sympathetic activation, while women reported higher stress with more variable autonomic responses. These findings suggest the need for gender-specific interventions to address both the psychological and physiological components of stress in educators.
教学被认为是压力最大的职业之一，常常导致负面的身心健康后果。
本研究旨在分析教师压力与肥胖之间的关系，并考虑性别差异。
在2022 - 2023学年对253名义务教育和高等教育阶段的教师进行了一项横断面描述性研究。使用心率变异性评估自主调节能力，通过生物电阻抗分析测量脂肪组织质量，并通过经过验证的心理问卷评估压力。
肥胖程度较高的男性连续差值均方根（RMSSD；34.75±14.49对47.25±26.75，P = 0.015）和差值超过50毫秒的间期对数（pNN50；12.31±10.50对21.28±17.96，P = 0.016）水平较低，低频（LF）/高频（HF）频段比值为（4.72±3.62对4.84±3.48），表明交感神经激活增强。相比之下，肥胖程度较高的女性在LF、HF和LF/HF比值方面的值更高（3.13±2.60对2.42±2.33，P = 0.015），表明副交感神经活动占主导。此外，体脂百分比更高的组在感知压力量表、马氏倦怠量表、状态焦虑问卷上得分更高，且外向性格特征较少。
我们发现教师中较高的肥胖程度与压力增加和自主调节改变有关。肥胖程度较高的男性表现出更强的交感神经激活，而女性报告的压力更高，自主反应更具变异性。这些发现表明需要针对性别进行特定干预，以解决教育工作者压力的心理和生理成分。
